Research On The Theory And Method Of Residential Shared Parking Based On Game Theory

Motor vehicles increased quickly,the parking facilities insufficiently planed,the low building standard and the backward parking management techniques and methods,all of those are the reasons caused the urban parking problems.Parking congestion often leads to queue at entrance,cruising time increases,illegal parking on roads and also reduce to a series of other problems such as traffic accident disputes,energy consumption and environment pollution.At the same time,the problem of parking facilities unbalanced used is very serious,due to different properties of buildings parking attraction.Although the use of Parking Metre,VMS(Variable Message Sign)and other modern parking equipments,parking management measures such as park and ride,stepped pricing and so on,all of those still can't solve the root problem of parking spaces lacking.Shared parking is to share parking lots in the land adjacent to other users,which can reduce each land users' independent ownership.It is also the production of controlling parking demand.But residential spaces shared parking hasn't been considered because its special ownership and management,only when facing serious problems of parking in urban and the restriction conditions of land use,it began to be concerned.Residential spaces shared strategy is to share parking facilities,which uses the complementary parking attraction characteristic in time of different buildings.Because large quantities and the special advantages in time,residential parking spaces will become the most potential resources in alleviating the dilemma of parking.But because of the special ownership of residential parking spaces,there will be some problems inevitably in the process of sharing.In this paper,shared parking problem in residential parking spaces was studied,which combining game theory with shared parking theory,and based on analyzing the preferences of drivers,parking spaces owners and parking facilities managers.Mainly includs following aspects:(1)The definition of personalized parking guidance and its service process were proposed in view of the local congestion caused by traditional herding effect.Combining with the demands of the residential sharing parking,the physical structure and function frame of the system based on the APP(ApplicationSoftware)of the personalized parking guidance were designed,too.And than,several key problems under the frame were studied.(2)Aiming at the dispute of residential parking spaces can be share or not,collecting domestic and foreign scholars' research results and their application of sharing parking theory and game theory in urban traffic,combining with the practice of sharing parking in domestic and foreign,to analyze and demonstrate the feasibility of sharing in residential parking lots.Base on the investigation and analysis of vehicles' travelling characteristics in residential areas to study the unoccupied characteristics of residential parking spaces.Combining with the investigation results of the residential parking shared willingness,analyzing the key problems of technology,planning and design,management and awareness that have close relations with residential shared parking.On this basis,the service ability evaluation model of residential parking shared was established,and then the parameters of the model were calibrated,the reference data and model application example were provided,too.It can be used to assess the largest sharing service ability of residential areas for foreigners under the existing conditions.(3)The residential parking shared includes drivers,parking spaces providers and city parking facilities managers,due to the preferences of parking choice are different,it will be some benefit differences among them to some extent.Therefore,game theory was used to analyze the game relationship of all parties in the process of parking choice.In this paper,firstly analyzed the factors that influence the selection of parking lots based on the results of sharing parking investigation,game relationship models among three parties in residential shared parking were established and simplified.Secondly analyzing several typical parking games,including the dynamic game process between sharing platform and drivers,the basic game model of two parties on peak parking time are given,Nash equilibrium solution of the game was also analyzed;the crowded parking game between N drivers in peak parking time was analyzed,the basic conditions transiting from crowded parking to shared parking were analyzed by four deductions;the crowded parking game analysis shows that the root of congestion parking is because the income of crowded parking is greater than shared parking,therefore,the implementation of shared parking must reseach the violation of parking order management and threshold of penalty.In thispaper,the game model between parking order management and illegal drivers was established and the equilibrium conditions were also studied.Based on above games in sharing parking,the game equilibrium were studied,including the Nash equilibrium of N parking drivers,the Cournot equilibrium with shared decision,the Monopoly game with the ideal condition and Stackelberg Equilibrium of sharing parking dynamic game theory.(4)Based on the results of game analysis,this paper focused on the dynamic game of the personalized sharing parking guidance,established a Stackelberg game bi-level programming model between sharing platform and drivers,which based on the core elements of sharing parking choice,to describe this game behavior.A bi-level programming game model was established,based on some shared parking assumptions in residential area,and the Peak Parking Spillover Index(PPSI),Actual Parking Unoccupied Index(APUI)of residential parking lot,Residential Parking Peak Sharing Rate(RPPSR)for foreigners were defined,the goals of the bi-level programming are to minimize drivers' shared parking income and maximize the parking management effect of the shared platform respectively.Through the coordinate control of the game model achieved the equilibrium of the game and parking lots' balanced utilization in region.According to the conditions of the model,a nested optimization algorithm based on deformation particle swarm algorithm was designed,which was used to solve the equilibrium solution of the game model,and take the central business district and the surrounding residential areas in Tangshan City as an example to simulate the model and its algorithm.The innovations of this paper are as following:(1)A foreign shared parking service capability assessment model of residential spaces was proposed to describe the service capability of the residential parking lots.(2)The key factors of sharing parking choice behaviors with residential parking spaces were studied.The game relations,basic types of the game model,game equilibrium solutions among the drivers,parking suppliers and sharing parking management platform were analyzed.(3)A parking coordinated control service model based on APP shared parking management framework was built,and which can provide a theoretical basis for the realization of residential shared parking and balanced utilization of the parking resources.