A Study On The Economics Evaluation Method Of The Standard Unit Epidemic Disease

The outbreak of major animal diseases especially zoonosis, which cause a large number of poultry deaths and culling, brings huge direct economic loss to farmers and adverse effect to livestock industry and national economic development. It also results in the decrease of consumer confidence in the quality of the products and the market demand of livestock and poultry products, the fact that the international market has taken strict technical barriers to trade on animal disease outbreak countries also brings adverse effect to the products export and foreign trade of these countries, making the countries'economy suffered huge losses. At the same time, zoonnosis increase the risk of people infected with the disease, it not only causes physical damage to the infected people but also gives threat to public safety once people infected with the virus, and endanger human health and social stability if it is not effectively controlled. In this context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the appropriate economic theories and methods to evaluate the losses and understand the possible impact caused by animal diseases. Base on the method study, the analysis on the achievements and esperience in the prevention and control of animal diseases in developed countries will provide corresponding reference for the prevention and control of animal diseases, the development and implementation of prevention and control policies in our country to a certain extent.This paper summarises the policy development history, domestic and foreign research achievement and research methods of economic evaluation of animal disease loss firstly. In recent years, the Chinese government has made great efforts and has introduced a series of laws and regulations on the prevention and control, management, surveillance of animal diseases, the prevention and control of animal disease has been put on the agenda gradually in relevant policy of agriculture and livestock development. In addition to the efforts of government departments, the academia has carried out a lot of research on the prevention and control of animal diseases, loss evaluation and method study, loss compensation and other aspects and has got many achievements, but domestic research on risk loss evaluation theories and methods remains to be further improved, the expert team building on loss evaluation needs to be further advanced, the experience that foreign countries on the quantitative of animal disease losses and technical means exploration can provide reference for the construction of prevention and control system in China. Meanwhile, there are many loss evaluation methods in animal diseases, and the evaluation index systems are gradually improved, which can provide a certain reference for the index selection and construction of "standard unit epidemic disease"(SUED) loss evaluation method. On this basis, this paper explores the possible develop direction of economic evaluation of animal disease risk loss.After that, this paper gives an introduction to the development of related disciplines of animal diseases loss evaluation such as Animal health economics and Diseaster economics, and analyzes the theories and methods such as cost-benefit theory, welfare economics, Congingent Valuation Method, transaction cost theory and human capital theory. These theories and methods constitute a theoretical basis for the index selection and evaluation of SUED method.On the basis of the results summary and theoretical discussion, this paper presents a SUED loss evaluation method. Different with the existing methods, the SUED method sets two objects of standard region and the area to be evaluated, and takes Brucella as the standard epidemic, to evaluate the epidemic loss in standard area by setting corresponding evaluation index system, then take the loss of standard area as a benchmark to estimate the epidemic loss in the area to be evaluated using entropy method, on this basis, a "disease degree coefficient"(DDC) was proposed to adjust the regional epidemic loss. Compared with the existing methods, the SUED method learns from the exsiting theories and methods on the construction of evaluation index system and the selection and application of evaluation methods to a certain extent, in addition, the SUED method also has its own characteristics, that is, set evaluation indexes from the perspective of macro and micro, data availability is more extensive and the method is feasible. The direct losses (mainly include forced culling loss, vaccination costs) of grassroots farmers in the early outbreaks can be estimated quickly using this method so as to provide a reference for the development of contingency compensation strategies of government. At the end of the epidemic, the detailed regional epidemic loss can be evaluated by this method, to provide a reference for understanding the regional overall loss and develop the prevention and control strategies. Then, the peper carries out a simulation analysis combined with the index system of "standard unit epidemic" method to test the method to a certain extent and provide some thinking for the methodology study of animal disease.Foreign experience on animal disease prevention and control and regionalization management experience, as well as our country's experiences got in the contruction of specified animal disease free zone, have shown that a perfect disease prevention and control system is the basis for the work of animal disease prevention and control effectively, and regional management of animal diseases could play a demonstration effect, and effective financial support policy and insurance policy can provide a strong support for animal disease prevention and control. The exploration of economic loss evaluation, related methods and multidisciplinary research methods of animal disease is helpful to understand the epidemiological characteristics of animal disease timely, the quantization of economic and social impact and loss, analyze and forecast the develop trends and improve the decision-making of animal prevention and control, so it is necessary to further strengthen the research of economic evaluation and prevention strategies of animial diseases. Meanwhile, the improvement of the veterinary medicine management system, the construction of veterinary talent team, reasonable culling compensation policy, effective financial support policy, and the constant strengthen of technology study and regional cooperation are effective practices to promote the prevention and control of animal diseases, and need to be gradually improved and strengthened in the future.