| Angelicae Sinensis(Oliv.)Dielsis a typical kind of Chinese traditional herbal medicines in Gan Su province,and its cultivated area and output rank first all over China.However,the root rot and premature bolting problems become serious day by day,which severely restrict the industrialization development of Angelicae Sinensis.The research makes use of the theory of plant vernalization and the principle that edaphon and the plant root system are mutually beneficial,and uses 6 kinds of agricultural crop soil to grow seedlings in the greenhouse in winter.By determining the edaphon and the growth indicators of the plants,it is aimed at revealing the rhizospheric microorganisms of Angelicae Sinensis in different kinds of agricultural crop soil and the relationships between rhizospheric microorganism and the quality and output of seedlings,and thus providing scientific basis for exploring substituted greenhouse soil resource of the virgin soil.The research results are as follows:1 Grow the seedlings of Angelicae Sinensis in solar greenhouses in winter in Awu Township,Tanchang County whose elevation is 2400 m above sea level and the light and temperature of the solar greenhouse can basically satisfy the sprout and growth demands of the Angelicae Sinensis.Begin lifting of seedlings when the age of Angelicae Sinensis seedlings reaches 125 days,the seedling quality of teach crop is different to some extent.Therein,the quality of potato seedlings is good;the average root length is 11.87cm;the average root thickness is 6.15mm;the weight of a simple root is 1.44 g,but the root disease rate of the seedlings is high;both the population quality and individual development quality of Angelicae Sinensis seedlings are the best;the root length is the longest;the rate of disease is the lowest,and various seedling indicators are consistent with high quality seedlings.2 The dynamic research of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure of Angelicae Sinensis demonstrates: Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Cyanobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi are the main flora at the nursery stage of Angelicae Sinensis.After growing Angelicae Sinensis seedlings on each kind of agricultural crop soil,with the prolongation of time,the population abundance of Proteobacteria community increases;the change of Firmicutes is the opposite of the change of Proteobacteria.With the prolongation of seedling growth,the population abundance of Firmicutes decreases.At the middle stage of the seedling culture of Angelicae Sinensis,Codonopsis Pilosula and broad bean,the abundance of Firmicutes occupies more than 50%,which is the primary flora;Proteobacteria is the primary flora of each type of agricultural crop soil at the germchit harvest stage,which occupies more than 50% on 5 kinds of agricultural crop soil including potato,Angelicae Sinensis,rage,Astragali Radix and braod bean.3 The N,p H value and K of the soil where seedlings grow have a big effect on soil bacterial community structure(P<0.05)at the middle stage of the seedling culture;the bacteria which is significantly affected by the 3 environmental factors mentioned above is: Cyanobacteria,Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia.The K,P,p H value and Organic of the soil where seedlings grow have a significant influence on rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure at the germchit harvest stage,and the order of the degree of influence from top to bottom is K,p H value,N and Organic;the bacteria which is significantly influenced by the three environmental factors(PDA1>2)is: Firmicutes,Acidobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,Saccharibacteri and Gemmatimonadetes.4 At the germchit harvest stage,on the classification level of the order,family,genus and species of each agricultural crop,the fungal flora number of Angelicae Sinensis is most while that of the Astragali Radix is least.At the middle stage of culture of seedlings,the order of the rhizpsphere fungal level of each crop from most to least is MLS,YC,HQ,CD,DG and DS respectively;at the germchit harvest stage,the order of the rhizpsphere fungal level of each crop from most to least is HQ,MLS,CD,YC,DS and DG respectively.After culture of seedlings the fungal species of Astragali Radix decrease while the fungal species of other crops increase.Under the level of Phylum classification,at the middle stage of culture of seedlings on different agricultural crop soil,the shannon and shannoneven indexes of rhizosphere soil fungi of the potato soil(MLS-RS1)was largest while that of the Codonopsis Pilosula(DS-RS1)is smallest;at the harvest stage of Angelicae Sinensis germchit,under the level of Phylum classification,the Alpha diversity index is different from that at the middle stage of culture of germchit.The Shannon simpson,shannoneven and simpsoneven indexes of the rhizosphere soil fungi are also different,and ACE and Chao indexes are quite different.At the middle stage and harvest stage of the culture of seedlings on each types of agricultural crop soil,Ascomycota is a dominant population and its population superiority also increases with the extension of culture of seedlings.At the harvest stage and middle stage of the culture of seedlings on each types of agricultural crop soil,the abundance of Phragmoplastophyta of Potato(MLS),Angelicae Sinensis(DG),Codonopsis Pilosula(DS)and broad bean(CD)decreases with the prolongation of culture of germchit.Compared with the middle stage,at the germchit harvest stage,the abundance decreases by 11.79%,11.84%,3.82% and 7.40% respectively.The difference is significant(P<0.01).5 After culture of seedlings on each kind of agricultural crop soil,the fungal species of Astragali Radix at the middle and harvest stages of culture of seedlings decrease while the fungal species of other crops increase;at the middle and harvest stages of culture of seedlings,Ascomycota is a dominant population,and the population proportion increases with the prolongation of culture of seedlings;at the middle stage of culture of seedlings on potato(MLS),Codonopsis Pilosula(DS),rage(YC)and broad bean(CD)soil,the abundance of Ascomycota exceeds 50%,and that of Codonopsis Pilosula even reaches 76.35%.At the middle stage of culture of seedlings,the abundance of Chytridiomycota of Astragali Radix is more than that of other crops,and the abundance of Chytridimycota is least within the 6 crops,which is 27.87% only.6 At the harvest stage of germchit,Ascomycota is the primary fungal community among those crops and the abundance is above 75%,and for Angelicae Sinensis,the abundance of Ascomycota reaches 89.66%.Compared with the fungal community composition at the middle stage of culture of seedlings,at the harvest stage of germchit,Phragmoplastophyta in the potato crop soil disappears;in the Angelicae Sinensis crop soil,Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota,Phragmoplastophyta,Ciliophora and unclassified_d__Eukaryota disappear;in Condonopsis Pilosula and Astragali Radix crop soil,Phragmoplastophyta disappears.7 After transplantation of the germchit cultured in winter on each kind of crop soil,the germchit cultured on Codonopsis Pilosula crop soil turns green fastest and the second is potato crop soil;the crop soil on which the germchit needs longest time to turn green is broad bean crop soil.The qualified seedling percentage of Codonopsis Pilosula crop soil is the highest,significantly higher than that of other kinds of crop soil;the order of qualified seedling percentage of each kind of crop soil from top to bottom is rape(YC),potato(MLS),Angelicae Sinensis(DG),Astragali Radix(HQ)and broad bean(CD);the fresh output of Angelicae Sinensis medicinal material after transplantation from Codonopsis Pilosula crop soil is significantly higher than from other kinds of crop soil,and the weight of a single fresh root and plot yield of Angelicae Sinensis increase by 1.9% and 116.59% respectively compared with those from continuous cropping;compared with on broad bean crop soil,the weight of a single fresh root and the plot yield increase by 122.89% and 245.16% respectively,reaching a quite significant level(P<0.01).8 After a synthesized analysis of the dynamic growth of the germchit cultivated in the greenhouse in winter on various kinds of crop soil and the yield after transplantation,in combination of the dynamic state of rhizospheric microorganisms at the middle and harvest stages of culture of seedlings,a preliminary conclusion can be reached that Codonopsis Pilosula crop soil is the best crop soil for culture of Angelicae Sinensis seedlings in greenhouses in winter and the second is Astragali Radix and potato crop soil,but the germchit cultivated on potato crop soil tends to have root diseases;the Angelicae Sinensis crop soil is not suitable for culture of seedlings.9 Use the mixture of gibberellin,diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and naphthylacetic acid to soak the root is an effective way to break dormancy when the seedlings of Angelicae Sinensis are transplanted from the greenhouse,and it can greatly enhance germination and the growth,so it has a good application prospect in production.Th experiment screens out the best concentration gradient mixture,i.e.,96.00 mg/L GA3,20.26 mg/L DA–6 and 53.12 mg/L NAA.Under the condition,the survival rate of transplanting of geenhouse Angelicae Sinensis seedlings reaches 83.75% and the output of Angelicae Sinensis reaches 363.22 kg/mu. |
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