| Maca(Lepidium meyenii walp.),belonging to the family of brassicaceae,grows at the Peruvian central Andes.Since the 21st century,Maca,has been a large area of cultivation,at Yunnan,Sichuan,Xinjiang and other regions in China,only Yunnan's planting area to reach more than 13334 hectare.There are patients with type 2 diabetes,who found that their blood sugar decreased after eating Maca,but there are few hypoglycemic mechanism research.In order to study the mechanism of hypoglycemia,this paper studied the mechanism of hypoglycemic activity of maca.The main findings are as follows:(1)Isolated and purified to obtain high purity glucosinolates and total flavonoidsMaca were extracted in the ultrasonic circulating extraction equipment,and then extraction was purified by D101 macroporous resin and IRA-67 ion exchange resin.A total glucosinolates with 78.3%purity was obtained.Extraction was purified by the macroporous resin AB-8 and polyamide in two steps,a total flavonoids with 89.2%purity was obtained.(2)The total flavonoids and the glucosinolates can inhibit a-glucosidase activityThe total flavonoids and the glucosinolates can inhibit on a-glucosidase in vitro experiments.The IC50 of the total flavonoids was 0.41 mg/mL,both the competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition existed.IC50 of the glucosinolates was 0.73 mg/mL,which was competitive.There was also a significant inhibitory effect on a-glucosidase in Caco-2 cells.The IC50 of the total flavonoids was 0.21 mg/mL and the IC50 of the total glucosinolate was 0.33 mg/mL.(3)Maca can improve Hep-G2 insulin resistance model gluconeogenesis metabolism Through the study of the model of insulin resistance in Hep-G2 cells,the total flavonoids and the glucosinolates can inhibit the metabolism of glucone.The total flavonoids and the glucosinolates can activate AMPK(Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase)protein and phosphorylate to form p-AMPK.Phosphorylated p-AMPK,phosphorylated TORC2(CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2)protein to form p-TORC2.And phosphorylated p-TORC2 can not enter the nucleus,resulting in p-CREB(cAMP-response element binding protein)protein reduction,and ultimately make the sugar metabolism of key genes PEPCK(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)and G6Pase(Glucose-6-phosphatase)transcription decreased,and then cause PEPCK and G6Pase two key protease expression decreased,and ultimately lead to sugar Inhibition of metabolism.(4)Maca can improve insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytesA 3T3-L1 insulin resistance model was successfully established in the experiment.It was found that the total flavonoids and glucosinolates could increase the glucose uptake of the model cells.The total flavonoids can significantly increase the PPAR-y((peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y)content,but the glucosinolate has no significant.It was also found that the amount of GLUT-4(Glucose transporter type 4)glucose transporter in the model group was increased by the total flavonoids and glucosinolates.(5)Maca can improve SD rats with type 2 diabetesThe SD rats were induced to be diabetic model by STZ combined with high glucose and high fat diet.In the experiment,the total flavonoids and the glucosinolates were set up in three dose groups.After five weeks of intragastric administration,the total flavonoids and the glucosinolates could reduce the blood glucose content and the glycosylated hemoglobin content in SD diabetic rats.By histopathology,it was possible to find that after five weeks of feeding,the liver inflammation of SD diabetic rats could be decreased by the total flavonoids and the glucosinolates.The total flavonoids and glucosinolates can increase the content of p-AMPK in the insulin signaling pathway.In addition,the total flavonoids can increase the amount of GLUT-2(Glucose transporter type 2)transporter. |
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