Studies On The Constituents And Cytotoxic Activities Of Aralia Elata Leaves

Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. var major Aralia genus (Araliaceae). The genus Aralia(Araliaceae) consists of about more than 40 species, mainly distributed in Asia, some located in Australasia and the northern part of America. There are about 28 species grown in China,including 20 kinds are available for medicine, widely distributed in northeastern China. At present, research mainly focus on Aralia elata, Aralia decaisneana, Aralia echinocaulis,Aralia taibaiensis and Aralia chinensis. The whole plant has been used as traditional folk medicines for the treatment of neurasthenia, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus,gastrospasm, constipation, traumatic hemorrhage and hepatitis. With the development of natural pharmaceutical chemistry and molecular pharmacology, the active constituents and the mechanism of action research of Aralia genus has made good progress, the various medicinal value has more and more attention by people. In order to excavate the health protection value of Aralia elata, the leaves were subjected to phytochemical investigation. Herein, we reported the biological examination of compounds' cytotoxic activities.By means of various chromatographic methods such as D101 macroporous adsorption column chromatography, silica gel, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC, 55 compounds were isolated from the leaves of Aralia elata, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical methods. These compounds include 53 triterpenoid saponins and 2 flavones. Ten new compounds were named as congmuyenoside ? ( 28 ), congmuyenoside ? ( 16 ),congmuyenoside ? ( 29 ),congmuyenoside ? ( 44 ),congmuyenoside ? ( 17 ),congmuyenoside ? ( 45 ),congmuyenoside ? (46 ),congmuyenoside ? ( 47 ),congmuyenoside ?( 48 ), congmuyenoside ? ( 1 ).Acutoside A ( 2 ), 3-O-/?-D-glucopyranosyl (1?4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid(3 ). guaiacin B ( 4 ). anchusosid 2(5), 3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl (1?4)-?-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside ( 6 ),lucynoside E ( 18 ),3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?3)-?-D-glucopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl ester ( 19 ), eclalbasaponin 1 ( 30 ), ecliptasaponin B ( 31 ), ixeris saponins A ( 32 ) and kacmpferol 3-O-?-D glucopyranoside(54 ) were isolated from the genus for the first time?The other 34 known compounds were identified as congmuyanoside F ( 7 ), randianin( 8 ), 3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl (1?3 )-?-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-?-D-glucopyranoside ( 9 ), silphioside B ( 10 ), congmunoside ? ( 11 ), congmunoside V ( 12 ), silphioside E ( 13 ), congmunoside ?? ( 14 ), oleannolic acid ( 15 ),congmuyenoside A ( 20 ), congmuyenoside B ( 21), congmuyanoside G ( 22 ), collinsonidin(23 ), 3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?2)-?-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin, congmunoside ?(24 ), congmunoside ? ( 25 ), congmunoside ? ( 26 ),quinoasaponin B ( 27 ),congmuyanoside D ( 33 ), congmunoside IV ( 34 ), glycoside st-B ( 35 ),3-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?3)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl echinocystic acid ( 36 ),congmuyanoside B (37 ), congmuyanoside C (38 ), echinocystic acid ( 39 ), congmunoside ?(40 ), congmunoside ? ( 41 ), congmunoside ? ( 42 ), congmunoside XV ( 43 ),congmunoside ? ( 49 ),glucocaulophyllogenin ( 50 ),congmuyanoside A ( 51 ),congmuyanoside E ( 52 ), congmunoside ? ( 53 ), quercetin ( 55 ).The cytotoxic activities of 40 compounds against leukemia cell lines HL60, lung cancer cell lines A549, prostatic cancer cell lines DU145 were tested by MTT. The result showed that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, 23, 32, 33, 36, 51 have obvious effects on cytotoxic activity.