Investigation On The Chemical Constituents Of Medicine-food Ginkgo Seed And Bitter Leaf

The concept of "drug and food dual use" refers to edibles and medicaments.It has the advantages of prevention and treatment of diseases and safe long-term consumption.Thus,many people paid attention to it.This study systematically investigated the micromoleular components in the n-butanol fraction from ginkgo seed and bitter leaf for they have the same characteristics of both medicine and food dual ues.1.Study of active micromoleular components from ginkgo seedGinkgo seed is the dried mature seed of Ginkgo biloba(Ginkgo biloba L.).The medicinal value of ginkgo seed has been recorded in a compendium of material media of the past dynasties in China and used as a traditional Chinese medicine.It has excellent edibility involving nutrition,delicious and health care functions such as keeping health and anti-aging.So it has been included as a dietetic product since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In recent years,there have been many studies on protein,starch,polysaccharides and other biological macromolecules and gikgolides in ginkgo seed,and few studies on the traditional medicinal efficacy and the characteristic small molecule components of ginkgo seed.In order to explore the characteristic constituents of ginkgo seed,owing to many ginkgolides interferences in low polarity,the n-butanol fraction were selected to investigate in this paper.Thirteen compounds were obtained using a variety of separation methods(macroporous resin,Sephadex LH-20,HPLC preparative chromatography,etc.),and their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses(UV,MS,H NMR,13C NMR,2D NMR).Two of them are new and three of them were isolated from ginkgo seed for the first time.Furthermore,three ginkgotixin compounds,4'-O-methylpyridoxine(MPN)and its derivatives(MPNs),were also isolated,another MPN derivative(julibrin II)of which was also found in ginkgo seed for the first time.In continuing study of MPNs in ginkgo seed,researching as follows in MPNs was conducted.Firstly,MPNs were isolated by a simple,quick,inexpensive procedure in our experiments.Secondly,a quantitation of MPNs in ginkgo seed method based on HPLC-DAD was established.Meanwhile,contents changes occurring in MPNs in growing seed and ginkgo seed with different heated processing treatment were also investigated using our established method.At last,according to the function of ginkgo seed in Traditional Chinese Medicine,with the extensive presence of MPNs,we designed two pharmacological experiments to evaluate the antitussive and expectorant effects of MPN,the experiments revealed that MPN exhibited potent antitussive and expectorant activities.To explore the antioxidants with health benefits in ginkgo seed,the four main phenylpropanoids and lignans were isolated and identified from the antioxidative fraction and their antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH assay.Three of which exhibited substantial antioxidant activities(IC50:67-100 ?M).To elucidate the active components that may slow ageing(antioxidants),16 phenylpropanoids and lignans glycosides were identified by comparison of mass spectral fragmentation data and characteristics with standards,including phenylpropanoids,furan lignans,benzofurans neolignans,8-0-4' New lignans.2.Chemical investigation on bitter leaf of Vernonia amygdalina DelBitter leaf is the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina Del.The species is indigenous in tropical Africa and domesticated in many parts of West Africa.In Nigeria,it consumed as vegetable.It is often eaten after crushing and washing thoroughly to remove the bitterness.It has been widely used for the traditional treatment of various diseases in humans and animals in Africa.Therefore,it is also an edible and medicinal plant.In order to further explore the bioactive components from bitter leaf,phytochemicals investigation on the n-butanol fraction of bitter leaf was conducted.Guided by HPLC-DAD,a total of nine compounds were obtained by various chromatographic methods(silica gel chromatography,ODS and pre-HPLC)and identified by physicochemical property and spectroscopic methods(UV,MS,H NMR,13C NMR,2D NMR),their structures were elucidated as vernoamyoside Di(N-1),vernonioside As(N-2),vernoamyoside E(N-3),vernoamyoside D2(N-4),vernoamyoside Ci(N-5),vernoamyoside C2(N-6),Roseoside?(N-7),vernoamyoside D(N-8),vernoamyoside C(N-9).Among them,N-1-6 were new steroidal saponins and N-7 was isolated from this plant for the first time.According to the review,ginkgo seed and bitter leaf are both medicinal and edible.This paper studied the chemical composition of the glycosides of the polar fraction of ginkgo seed and bitter leaf,and explored the material basis for the medicinal and edible value of ginkgo seed.This laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of ginkgo seed and bitter leaf.