A Study Of Marx's View Of Spirit

Philosophy is the essence of era spirit. Grasping it needs to return to the philosophy itself. Philosophy is always in a certain age and it always concise the spirit as "quintessence". Philosophy's grasp to spirit situation can not be separated from the interpretation to the times' circumstances. In Western classical period, the original natural economy created a simple way of human existence and his mysterious and intuitive thinking. Although man realizes himself as human, he can't understand and grasp the inherent nature of human. Therefore he has to resort the outside sources, attempting to deduce human requirement of the determined nature. Transcendent spirit view of classical philosophy is based upon extrinsic "entity" theology. Through the power of faith, it achieves the extreme in the Middle Ages. Transcendent spirit view of classical philosophy verifies that the person's subjectivity is purely derivative of the objective body and it always returns to the transcendent spiritual Noumenon to acquire its own legitimacy. Modern philosophy is the age of the real rise of human subject consciousness. Humanistic spirit "human discovery" needs traitorous and secular disenchantment to blind faith in transcendental theology of divinity. The rational spirit of the natural sciences requires rational reflection, detection and amendment of transcendent spiritual noumenon intuition reliability. To adjust the demands of the time theme, the meaning of spirit changes from the thinking model transition of classical philosophy world's dual noumenon structure to modern philosophy's dual rational structure of thinking and being, subject and object. Spirit's object changes from transcendent noumenon to man's subjectival a priori self, thus establishing the fundamental principle of a priori self subjectivity. In the realistic historical dialectical development of absolute spirit and naturalistic perceptual intuition of humanity, the view of a priori spirit turns to the view of empirical spirit. Spirit continually expands and lights itself in the conflicts and coalescence of reality. Spirit historically steps into the secular path. The spirit of the worldly circumstances causes people's spiritual life's metaphysics of self consciousness that should had, are getting a serious threat from materialization. The spiritual status of the age requires Marx's spirit view's answer. The cordial concern of Marx's philosophy is neither abstract thinking nor nature, but the real world and the real human existence with their real liberation. The spirit view of Marx's philosophy expresses the transcendental consciousness of real world, the critical spirit of social existence and the vision of human liberation.Marx constructed "practical materialism", the spirit view is accorded with the new form of "time spirit". It puts human spirit into the practice of society and history. It sets man's world and man's relationship back to man himself. It also requires metaphysical integration of the existence and the human spirit.This paper attempts to make a probe for Marx's spirit view. This paper is divided into four main parts:The first part is to review and demonstrate the traditional western philosophy spirit view's historical state and its intern evolutionary logic questions. Before the birth of Marx's philosophy, traditional western philosophy spirit view were historically divided into three kinds of forms according to its quality tendency: transcendent,a priori and empirical.The traditional western philosophy spirit view which is transcendent,a priori and empirical, expressed progressive relation of mental form and logical evolution which constitutes a necessary part and significance in order to comprehensive understand the true spirit. The second part mainly discuss the critical transcendence of Marx's spirit view to the traditional western philosophy spirit view. Rising Marx's spirit view to the level of practical philosophy and historical materialism, deeply grasps the spirit of the practical basis and the significance of social history. In abandoning the process of the spirit view of western traditional philosophy which is transcendent,a priori and empirical unified to confirm the existence of spirit by transcendent,a priori and empirical constitute and showing the true connotation and structural changes. The third part mainly elaborates the basic content of Marx's spirit view. Marx's spirit view bases on "new materialism" premise, then opens up a new understanding dimension about "practice", "reality" and "human liberation" in spirit.It emphasizes the internal relationship between practice, reality, mankind emancipation and the human spirit. And then shows the explanatory framework about the understanding of the multiplicity of the spirit. The forth Part is mainly to analyze and explain the problem about Marx's spirit view's contemporary manifestation and new direction. A Study of Marx's View of Spirit demands a transformation from revolutionary center of gravity to a constructive center of gravity, pay attention to internal consistency between the harmony of practice and constructive spirit as well as the the inner unity between the unity of the spirit and the basic social contradiction's Organic system construction. In order to promote the Sinicization of Marx's spirit view, constructing the Marx's spirit view of Chinese characteristic research paradigm, placing it in the perspective of Chinese dream. Marx's spirit view expresses its new way of study for the contemporary real world, especially for the show of China's theory of contemporary reality and practical value.