A Study On Fu And Zhou In Jin Dynasty

The research of Fu and Zhou system, a major element of Chinese bureaucratic establishment, can throw a light on the merging of Jusen into the Central Plains. In addition, serving as the bond of a local administration and state government, Fu and Zhou played a positive and vital part in the administrative management. Fu and Zhou system, with steady positioning and constant staff, mostly, maintained clear legislation and comprehensive function, which is worth for reference even in current political system.The distribution of Fu and Zhou was influenced by the natural and social environment. In Northeast area, due to the freezing climate, limited crop and loose population, stand least Fus and Zhous, meanwhile, because of separated ruling,Fuzhou administrations didn't go beyond Han and Bohai. The northern part of Jin, although very cold and semi-arid, held more heat than northeast area, the arrangements were denser than northeast while less than other areas. With more favorable climate and raining than previous areas, Five provinces in Shanxi, as the source of Chinese civilization, although the comprehensive condition was slightly worse than the inland of the Central Plains, administrations were densely distributed. The inland of the Central Plains, the core of Chinese civilization, with best natural surroundings and densest population undoubtedly became the home of most Fuzhou administrations.The system of Fuzhou originated from governing of Tang, Liao and Song dynasties. Fu, in 1208, was divided into three sections, namely Capital, Governing and common Fu, ranking three classes. The officials fell into the third grade among the faculty, empowered with administrative, military and financial authorities with no distraction of Tongpan as in Northern Song dynasty. A big gap between the governor and the vice governor was embodied with one and a half rank difference. There were less subordinate affiliates in Jin than Northern Song. Zhou was divided into three sections too. Jiedu, Fangyu and Cishi zhou, ranked three classes. Jun was merged into Cishi zhou in Zhangzong period. The system was simplified and easier to execute. Just as the officials in Fu, the governors in Zhou wielded the power in administrative, military and financial areas with no hindrances of Tongpan as in Northern Song dynasty. A big difference between the governor and the vice governor was referred with one and a half rank difference, two rank gap in Cishi Zhou. The divisions can be seen both in Fu and Zhou official systems.The characteristics of personnel management in Fu and Zhou governing are as follows. The official in Fu and Zhou stemmed from a variety of origins with the largest proportion of of Jinshi and Enyin; Jiedushi's origins embraced balanced ratio between Jinshi and Enyin. Whereas Enyin edged huge advantage among the governors in Fu. As can be seen from above, family background is vital among the high-ranked officials, while minor officials were more likely to be promoted for their academic attainments. Closest rank is the big concern, the governors got promoted from Jiezhen, which mostly stemmed from Fangyu shi and Tongzhi. While Cishi was more likely to be promoted from Shaoyin and vice Liushou while the vice officials were not expected to be principals due to lack of enough position above deputy second rank. With rare exceptional promotion for their administrative military talent and performance, governors below Jiezhen had to be executed the same post more than once as well as more than one term before they were considered to be promoted to higher positions. Nevertheless, Jin Dynasty still was a period prolific in famous and respected ministers other than grandiose politicians.On account of the concentration of power and no handicap from Tongpan, Fu and Zhou government functions involve administration, economy, culture, military force and so on. Hence, Fu and Zhou officials by theirgoverning exerted a positive effects on steady local governance, the long-term peace and stability of the dynasty.