A Study On Board Of Personnel Of Jin Dynasty

The setting of Board of Personnel was mainly referred to the institutionalization of association in Tang and North Song Dynasty.Since the official reform in late of Taizong,Xizong and Hailing,Jin Dynasty adopted the central official system at both provincial and ministerial levels.Board of Personnel was a personnel ministry and a significant department of central official system.This article conducted a systematic study of the establishment of official position,duty of government institution,governmental operation and chief of government organization.Establishment of Board of Personnel in Jin Dynasty was mainly referred to the system in Tang and North Song Dynasty.Although referred to Previous dynasties,Jurchen Innovated based on actual situation.The Jin government followed the tendency that combining of Langzhong and Yuanwailang of six ministries since Zhezong in North Song Dynasty at establishment of official position.The chief of four departments within Board of Personnel was Zhushi.There were some administrative offices within four departments.The duties of Board of Personnel were selecting civil and military officials and personal administration,because Jin government continued the system of North Song Dynasty.In the selecting officials,Board of Personnel made rewards or punishments based on the rules of bureaucracies and according to the actual situation of officials..In the administrative operation of Board of Personnel,the executive branch was assisted by the shangshu,and shilang assisted the officials of Board of Personnel.The emperor was the supreme leader.The Shangshusheng was Secondary leadership.In some affairs,such as Imperial Examination and issuance writs,Board of Personnel needed to cooperate with Board of Personnel and imperial academy.Supervision institution supervised official.Monitoring result was important evidence when Board of Personnel selected civil and military officals.Prefectures and counties were required to transfer information of official to Board of Personnel.Prefectures and counties were required to transfer information of official to Board of Personnel,as a basis for managing official elections and other officials.Board of Personnel as a ministry of personal,played a significant role like a pivot in selecting civil and military officials and personal administration.This showed a systematic and specialized character in the operation of government affairs.At selecting chief of government organization,the higher the proportion of Jurchens,the higher the number of Jurchens.The proportion of Jurchen's minister in the Board of Personnel was significantly higher than others that in the Board of Personnel.In the way of Jurchen got their official career,there were many differenaces from other ethnic groups.For Han and Bohai,chin—shih was the usual way.For Jurchen,military exploit and Yinxu(a way of entering official career was analogous to hereditary)were the primary ways in earlier period.In later period,Jurchen chin—shih was the main way.Promotion was main method of office moving of shangshu of Board of Personnel,but lateral move was main method since the beginning of Shizong.Promotion was main method of office moving of shilang of Board of Personnel.Whether it had practical experience in political affairs was an important criterion for the selection of chief of Board of Personnel There were some differences between shangshu and shilang,because their specific duties were different.In summary,the establishment of Board of Personnel was closely related Political reform process in Jin Dynasty.It was a embodiment of Chinesization.The setting of Board of Personnel was mainly referred to the institutionalization of association in Tang and North Song Dynasty.There was Innovation and development at establishment of official position,duty of government institution and administrative operation.In the specific operation and composition of staff of Board of Personnel,the Jin Dynasty showed distinctive features of the Jurchen.