The Influence Research Of Individual Features On The Mongolian Adolescent Risky Choice Framing Effect

Framing effect refers to the phenomenon that when people use different expression way to express the same information,there will be an effect influences the decision-maker's reaction.It indicates how the expression of a decision influences people's opinion on an issue which will ultimately leads to the decision.Framing effect including risky choice framing effect,attribute framing effect and goal framing effect.Risky choice framing effect is one of the most typical framing effects.Most researches mainly focus on the framing effect on adolescents within a certain period or a certain age group.Researches on the framing effect differences of children and adolescents at different ages in the whole children and adolescent(aged from 9,10 to 17,18,hereinafter referred to as adolescent)seem to be inadequate.In addition,cultural researches on the framing effect are mainly focused on the cultural differences analysis between west and oriental counties rather than on the decision differences caused by different subcultures within a country.Fewer researches have been conducted on the framing effect related to different nationalities in China.This thesis,based on the Descriptive theory,the objects of the study mainly are the Mongolian students whose communicative language is andwhose parents take Mongolian as their mother tongue.1600 of the subjects are chosen to be valid examines,consisting 790 boys and 810 girls.They are divided into five age groups,age 9-10,age 11-12,age 13-14,age 15-16,and age 17-18(hereinafter referred to as age 9,age 11,age 13,age 15,and age 17).Each group has the same number of people with boys and girls in half in order to avoid the error brought by the number of gender differences.According to the classic paradigm of framing effect,the study selection in line with the national characteristics of experiment material and compiled questionnaire into Mongolian risky choice framing effect.First to prove the risky choice framing effect among Mongolian adolescent,analyzes their developmental features of the effect by cross-sectional design,and observes relations between the individual features including risk reference,need for cognition and decision-making style with framing effect.After having the outcomes,I will set up different function models in different areas and frameworks through an appropriate logistic regression analysis.This thesis includes three studies and six sub-studies.The first study conducted a confirmatory analysis on Mongolian adolescent risky choice framing effect from three decision-making domains which consists of life,live,and entertainment,observing the developmental features of age by opening out the impact on decisions.The second study mainly discussed the relationship between the individual features of Mongolian adolescent and the risky choice framing,analyzed the effect about individual features,includingthe possible age and gender differences.There are three sub studies concluded:Sub-study One explores the relationship between the risk preference and the risky choice framing;Sub-study Two explores the relationship between the need for cognition and the risky choice framing;Sub-study Three explores the relationship between the decision-making style and the risky choice framing.The third study constructs the function models of risk preference,need for cognition,decision-making style for the risky choice framing effect in lives,life,and entertainment.There are three sub studies concluded: Sub-study 1examined the logistic model among risky choice framing effect and Mongolian adolescent individual features under gain and loss framework in aspect of life;sub-study 2 investigated the logistic model among risky choice framing effect and Mongolian adolescent individual features under gain and loss framework in aspect of life;sub-study 3 focused on the logistic model among risk choice framing effect and Mongolian adolescent individual features under gain and loss framework in aspect of entertainment.The research used Excel 16.0 to input data,used SPSS 19.0,SAS9.4software and logistic regression method to arrange and analyze the data.The principle findings are as follows:1.The Mongolian version measurement tools preparation and revisionThe institute of the Mongolian adolescent risky choice framing effect questionnaire including gain framwork situation questionnaire and loss framwork situation questionnaire,each set up within the framework of thethree decision situation is life,live and entertainment field,according to the results of the selection of subjects,determine the risk-averse or risk-seek.Individual features scale including risk reference scale,need for cognition scale,decision-making style scale on the Mongolian version,above all of those have good measure feature upon tested.2.A development on risky choice framing effect for Mongolian adolescent shows the typical age characteristicsFraming effect exists among Mongolian adolescent in various fields.After investigating the developmental characteristics of the framing effect of different ages we found that the younger these adolescent are,the more they tend to avoid taking a risk;the older these adolescent are,the more they tend to take a risk.The nine-year-old group presents an unidirectional framing effect tend to be risk-averse;the 11-year-old group shows the classic bidirectional framing effect;the 13-year-old group doesn't show any obvious framing effect at the beginning;the 15-year-old group shows an unstable framing effect while the 17-year-old group shows the unidirectional framing effect tend to be risk-seek.3.The influence of individual features on Mongolian adolescent framing effect has particular regionalMongolian adolescents who have high risk preference in life,way of life and entertainment tend to be risk-seek under both gain and loss framework,while those who have low risk preference tend to be risk-averse;AlthoughMongolia adolescent with different cognitive needs have different risk choice framing effects in different fields,the cognitive needs don't show much influence on the riskychoice framing effect in statistical significance;Different decision-making styles have different influences on decision framing effect in different fields.Decision making fields and decision-making styles mutual influence framing effect.4.The individual feature can predict risky choice framing effectIn decision-making tasks in the life field,Mongolian adolescent intuitive type,risk preference and rational type have obvious influences on risky choice gain framwork;while loss framwork will be significantly affected by intuitive type,risk preference and age.In decision-making tasks in the live field,Mongolian adolescent risk preference and dependent type have obvious influences on risky choice gain framwork.Risk preference has obvious influences on risky choice loss framework.In decision-making tasks in entertainment,Mongolian adolescent risk preference,dependent type and intuitive type have obvious influences on risky choice gain framwork,while risk preference,intuitive type,dependent type,age and gender have obvious influences on risky choice loss framwork.Apparently,the individual features with predictive functions are different under the gain and loss framwork.Therefore,this research respectively constructs 6 predictive models under the gain and loss framework in the fields of life,live and entertainment.These models cooperatively work well and are proved to effectively predictMongolian adolescent risky choice framing effect.The main conclusions of this research are:1.Framing effect has been found in Mongolian adolescents,which shows the cross cultural uniformity.2.Risky choice framing effect is developing throughout the Mongolian adolescent.The rules are: the younger the more risk-averse,the older the more risk-seek,which are comport with adolescents' decision-making development.To younger adolescents,adults usually limit their decision-making,so youth make independent decisions more conservatively,while older adolescents' decision-making usually resort to habits or impulsion due to reasonableless.3.Mongolian adolescents' individual risk choice framing effect appear particular regionaland culture-specific.particular regional means individual features which influence framing effect vary via decision-making field.Cultural specificality means risk preference influence Mongolian adolescents' framing effect significantly,which shows remarkable difference between Chinese traditional stereotying “Zhong Yong” and heedfulness,which also appear Mongolian national character.Although descriptive decision-making found that Mongolia adolescent with different need for cognition have different framing effects in different fields,need for cognition has not been brought into formula while construct predictive models,which is different from other relative research.4.The tropism of risk choice framing effect can be known via analysising Mongolian adolescents' individual features.Risk preference with predictive functions has cross-domain consistency.Maybe risk preference is the most representative individual feature in Mongolian adolescents' risk choice.5.The behavior analysis of risk decision-making must not make sweeping generalizations.Predictive role of individual features is different depending on different fields and frame,this shows classifying analysis is necessary according to field and frame in risk decision-making research.