Research On The Influence Of Attribution Style And Material Characteristics On Framing Effect In Risk Decision-making

Risk decision-making has always been one of the research focuses in the field of psychology.Researchers have carried out a large amount of specific research and discovered the framing effect in this process,which further enriched the research content of the risk decision-making field.Scholars have called this framing effect a phenomenon in which the individual's preference for decision-making change due to changes in the alternative description of the same task situation.Most studies can verify the existence of the framing effect.However,some studies have not found the existence of the framework effect.Therefore,the exploration of the influencing factors of the framework effect is an important issue in this research field.In order to explore the influencing factors of the framing effect,our research introduces attribution style,task area,and material self-association as independent variable based on the previous research.Our research contains three experiments.In the first experiment,we used self-designed risk decision-making materials which was adapted to the "Asian disease problems",to explore whether the task framework has an impact on individual risk decision-making and verify the framing effect in risk decision making.Experiment 2 and experiment 3 both use attribution style questionnaire and self-designed risk decision-making materials as research tools,to explore the influence factors of framing effect,experiments using 2×3×2 experimental designs.Independent variables include frames(positive frame,negative frame),attribution style(intermediate,negative,active),and material characteristics.Among them,the material characteristics in experiment 2 are the task area(life field,item field),and the material characteristics in experiment 3 are the material self-association(self-association,no self-association).And the dependent variable is the individual's risk decision score(average of the subjects' preference for each program).The study found that:(1)The frame effect has an impact on the risk decision-making of college students.Subjects have different degrees of risk appetite under different frameworks,among which the risk proneness of the participants is stronger under the negative framework.(2)The task area affects the individual's risk decision-making results.Compared with the item field problem,the subjects are more risk-taking in the face of life field problems.(3)The self-association of the task context has a significant influence on the frame effect.When the taskcontext is not related to the subject,the risk decision result of the participant shows a classic frame effect.In the positive frame,the candidate prefers the affirmative option,shows risk aversion tendency.And more participants choose risk options under the negative framework,which shows risk seeking.(4)Attribution style has a significant effect on the framing effect.There is a significant difference between the risk decision-making preferences of subjects with positive attributional styles and those with negative attributional styles under different frameworks.(5)In the risk decision-making,college students generally prefer risk seeking.In short,this study mainly validates the existence of the framework effect,and further explores the influence of attribution styles and two material characteristics on the framework effect,in order to provide a reference for people to make relatively satisfactory and reasonable decisions.