A Research On Framing Effects In Children's Decision Making

The framing effect describes that presenting the same option in different formats can alter people's decisions. Specifically, it concerns how individuals build internal representations of problems and how these determine the choices that they make. Research in this area has important applications in a variety of fields. Despite its importance, little is revealed in Children's decision making. The purpose of this article is to present a view on the principle of framing effects and how they play a role in Children's decision making which may lie at the core of Children's education and motivation research.Research one, the traditional view on framing effects, considered how the positive and negative framing of decisions affects children's judgments between a sure thing and a gamble. Research two, the most eye-catching research on dynamic framing effect, considered how the prior outcomes induce a prediction bias where children fail to follow their plans when making sequential decisions and to which degree the changes in preferences for sure versus risky options are modulated by magnitude of outcome and level of risk.The key findings are:1. The proportion of risk-seeking choices did differ from chance in gain and loss frames, but didn't differ in risk levels. The interaction of frames and risk levels affects children's choice significantly.2. Age rather than gender affects children's choice; the interaction of them is powerful.3. Participants become more risk-seeking in high probability losing frame.4. Participants showed strong risk seeking for anticipated prior gain than for anticipated prior loss in the integration condition. No significant difference found in segregation condition.5. Dynamic inconsistency was not found in both integration and segregation conditions. But the prior outcomes affect the decision. Prior gain in the first gamble led to risk-aversion reversal while prior loss in the first gamble led to risk-seeking reversal.