Research On Origin And Rheology Of Bangzi Qiang In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Bangzi qiang in the development of hundreds of years through three stages: Bangzi qiang of Qupai,Bangzi qiang of Qupai and poetry praise,Bangzi qiang of poetry praise.Before Qianlong in Qing Dynasty,Bangzi qiang is the synonym of Qinqiang.Before the generation of Qinqiang,the mainly drama form in Shanxi is Zaju.At the time of the Zhengde and Jajing in Ming Dynasty,Zaju began to decline,because the literati joined,Chuan qi gradually grow.In order to meet the needs of the market and the development of each other,Zaju and Chuanqi have started to merge with each other in the competition,Zaju and Chuanqi presents appearance of combine Nanqu to Beiqu.The later stage of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty,in the process of combine Nanqu to Beiqu,Yiyang qiang which is one of the tune of load bearing Chuanqi,cleverly integrated into Binbai of Beiqu,evolved an entirely new class of drama program-Qu zhong gun-the number of words equal in four sentences.Quzhong gun combination Gunbian from Daqu forming Gundiao.The literati Chuanqi of parallelism at the time of the Zhengde and Jajing in Ming Dynasty and has been hammered by the formation of Gundiao and Gundiao also further impact the Xiansuo in Beiqu.So when the Yiyang qiang was introduced into Shanxi,it began to amalgamation Xiansuo in Beiqu and Gansu folk songs and Shanxi folk songs.So formd a new type of tune-Bangzi qiang,this is the earliest Qinqiang.Specifically,it is the Northern Zaju use of the new script of Yiyang qiang,but processing of the tune at the same time.Thus,the early Bangzi qiang will include three tune: [Chuiqiang],[Bangzi qiang],[Xidiao].Later,due to influence of Tanci,Daoqing,Guci,Baojuan and other precious scrolls,Bangzi qiang further transtorm Qupai to poetry praise.This transition time in the late Kangxi in Qing Dynasty,but the real prosperity,is in the late Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.This paper takes the three stages of the development of Bangzi qiang in Ming and Qing dynasties as the main clue,focusing on the production mechanism,influencing factors and the characteristics of different periods of the study,the text is divided into two parts.The first part mainly discusses the production mechanism of Gundiao,its contents include:Chapter One: Changgun and Daqu,Qupo.Incluing Qupai of Gun of Nanqu,the originate of Qupai of Gun of Nanqu and other content.This chapter is sorted out [Liugun] [Gun] [Zhonggun] [Bomei gun] [Hanglong gun] and their characteristics of Qupai of Gun of Nanqu,and explore the source of the Changgun in Yiyang qiang.The use of Qupo especially in the Nanqu most obvious in Nanqu and Beiqu,the Changgun of Nanqu comes from this part of Gun in Daqu,and [Zhonggun] [Gun] later referred to as "Gun".So the Changgun of Yiyang qiang is undoubtedly derived from the Qupo of Daqu.Chapter Two: Quzhong gun and Binbai in Chinese drama.Incluing the change of Binbai status of Chinese drama in Ming Dynasty,combine Nanqu to Beiqu help to bring about produce of Quzhong gun and other content.This chapter from Binbai in "Yankan Zaju Sanshi Zhong",transmutation of theory of qu and Binbai between Yuan and Ming dynasty and qu and Binbai of Beiqu,analysts the conclusion of increasing Binbai and it status upgrade.At the same time,Nanqu not only absorbed Qupai of Beiqu but also absorbed it Binbai in combine Nanqu to Beiqu,formed the earliest Quzhong gun.Chapter Three: Gundiao gestate.Incluing Gundiao the early stage of gestating,Gundiao the late stage of gestating and other content.Kuadiao come from Beiqu Xiansuo,when Kuadiao is spread in the south,Yiyang qiang absorbs it and become the basis of the formation of Gundiao.The similarities and differences of Qu and Binbai in "Feng Yue Jing Nang" and "Qun Yin Lei Xuan" show a large number of Qunzhong bai increased and gradually transition to Gundiao.Chapter Four: The formal formation of Gundiao.Incluing selection of Gundiao,Analyze Gundiao the rheology from selection of Gundiao in late of Ming Dynasty and other content.In this part,focus "Yu Shu Ying" "Ci Lin Yi Zhi" "Yu Gu Xin Huang" and other anthology as the center,sorted out the development and mature process of Gundiao.The second part mainly discusses the transformation between the Gundiao and Bangzi qiang and the transformation process of Bangzi qiang,its contents include:Chapter One: Bangzi qiang identified incorrectly.Including the Ming Dynasty Bangzi qiang material distortion,northern drama ecology in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty and other content.This chapter focus on the opera prints by engraving Shixing Painting Bureau and detection of forgeries On the Three Kinds of Perjury of Qinqiang originating in the Ming Dynasty.At the same time,Zaju Chuanqi Suqu blend together in the late Ming Dynasty."Zhou Yue Xing Tu" reflecting the closely linked to the situation of Nanqu and Beiqu,these have become the background of Bangzi qiang.Chapter Two: The transmutation of Gundiao and Qinqiang.Including the early records of Bangzi qiang,the relationship between Bangzi qiang and Xiansuo diao,the relationship between Bangzi qiang and Gundiao and other content.This chapter,through the discusses,can drew the conclusion that Tongzhou Bangzi is the earliest Qinqing.Meanwhile,Yiyang qiang and Gundiao combine to Beiqu Xiansuo,these become an important factor in the formation of Bangzi qiang.Chapter Three: The development and expansion of Bangzi qiang.Incluing Bangzi qiang in “Zhui Bai Qiu”,writers wtitten of Qinqiang and Chuiqiang in the period of Qianlong and other content.Bangzi qiang repertoire included in "Zhui Bai Qiu" and writers wtitten in the period of Qianlong,show the development and expansion of Bangzi qiang.Through analysis,can also be reached the conclusion of Bangzi qiang before forty-three years of period of Qianlong(1778)is Qin qiang.Chapter Four: Tune system of Bangzi qiang.Including [Chuiqiang] system of Bangzi qiang of six edition collection of the book "Zhui Bai Qiu",[Bangzi qiang] system of Bangzi qiang of six edition collection of the book "Zhui Bai Qiu",[Xidiao] system of Bangzi qiang of six edition collection of the book "Zhui Bai Qiu" and other content.Through the comparative analysis of the works,can see [Chuiqiang] and [Bangzi qiang] system from Yiyang qiang and Gundiao,[Xidiao] from Shanxi Suqu folk songs,research the source of Bangzi tune system.Chapter Five: Bangzi qiang mature.Including Bangqi qiang and Emerging tune,Bangzi qiang of poetry praise mature and other content.In the early formation of Bangzi Opera,it spread to everywhere and produce many new tune.In the transitional phase of Bangzi qiang of Qupai to Bangzi qiang of poetry praise,Suqu,folk songs,fiction,Guci,Daoqing,Baojuan also have an impact on.Bangzi qiang mature in period of Qianlong,after it the script continues to increase,to the period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,Bangzi qiang of poetry praise mature.This paper is not detailed records of the development condition of Bangzi qiang in each period of each country,but placing Bangzi qiang under the background of each period,combined with the development of Bangzi qiang itself,focusing on its prodution mechanism and the development main line of Bangzi qiang of each period from macroscopic angle.In addition,this paper is the study of the tune system of the Bangzi qiang,but combined with the Kunqu and Yiyang qiang in Ming and Qing Dynasties to demonstrate at the time of the study and using a large number of versions of drama edition and transcripts as evidence,increased the persuasiveness of the paper.