A Study Of The Changes Of Agricultural Product Of Xidou Zhuang Village In South Hebei Province From 1923 To 2013

Agricultural production,which is an important part of the rural economy,plays an important role in rural economy and rural economic development.Taking the Xidou zhuang Village(1923-2013)as an example,which located in the Pingxiang county,south Hebei province,this paper thoroughly analyzed the agriculture production issue.As one of the specific survey sites investigated by BoKai in Chinese rural area,Xidou zhuang Village is a typical inland village on the North China Plain.For nearly one hundred years,it has been changed for several times in its politics,economy,culture and social activities.These changes have brought fundamental changes in the agricultural productivity which profoundly affected the agricultural production activities.The historical agriculture is the foundation and prerequisite of the modern agriculture development.In order to understand the historic agriculture completely,this thesis studied the changes of the agricultural production during a long period and searched for the historical context and motivation of the agricultural production.So,this paper has made a more comprehensive explanation about the present situation of agricultural production and provided a historical basis and realistic perspective for the formulation of agriculture development strategy.During the study,the author firstly divided the agriculture production problem into rural land property problem ? agricultural production and marketing method problem and agricultural technology conditions problem.And then,this paper focus on the periodical characteristics of the change of agricultural production as well as the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale rural management system.Besides,in this paper,by using and screening various forms of information,such as Bo Kai's investigation data of rural China in1920 s,file data in the local archives,the text information stored in Xidou zhuang Village committee and personal villagers,field interview and questionnaire investigation,combining the empirical research and theoretical thinking,it conducted an objective analysis of the changing course of agricultural production in Xidou zhuang Village.According to this paper,the trajectory of the agricultural production of Xidou zhuang Village from 1923 to 2013 is upward spiral: low land output and the labor productivity in the traditional period —steady increase of the land output and stagnant of the labor productivity in the collectivization period—weak land output growth and rapid improvement in transitional period.For nearly one hundred years,The evolvement of rural land property and agricultural production and marketing method obeyed the “law of denial's denial” while theagriculturaltechnologyconditionsexperienceda transformation from the tradition to moderni zation.In terms of rural land property problem,there was a relatively dispersed land possession in the traditional period;the distribution of land ownership was concentrated in the collectivization period;the land use rights were delegated in transitional period;the implementation of the current rural land circulation conformed the original land use right that scattered in their hands.So,after experiencing being forced from scattering to concentration and back again,it's in this way that these two differing patterns coexist.In terms of agricultural production and marketing method,it experienced the transformation from the small farm management form to unification management land system,and then to self-employed pattern,and finally to the new farmer's cooperative pattern.So,the change of theagriculturalproductionandmarketingmethodbeardwith the characteristics of the combinatio n of autonomy and co-operation.In terms of agricultural technology conditions problem,it transformed from mainly depending on manpower to injecting manpower to the mechanical force,and then to relying on the agricultural machinery facility.In all these efforts,the surplus andtransferofagriculturallaborforcehaveinfluenced and restrictedthespeed and changing directi on of the agricultural technology conditions.For the past hundred years,owing to the different system technology and labor elements,the agricultural production of Xidou zhuang Village at different stages showed the distinct feature of the age.However,agricultural production problem has not been solved effectively past or present.Achieving the goal of an advanced agricultural development still has a long way to go.The existence and development of the small farm management form,which is inefficient but effective,is reasonable.The reason why it adheres to safety-first criteria is that it has limitations and incomplete rural social security system.In transitional period,instead of eliminating the small farm management form by the method of reinvention,the government should work with it.On the one hand,the government should promote the farmers' cooperation based on family contract responsibility system,on the other hand set up and improve rural social security system and agriculture public service system.Only when the government plays a guiding role and turns to a service-oriented government,can it guarantee the agriculture will develop in a healthy way.