On Hexagram-changes Theory

Hexagram-changes(Guabian)is a system which depends on the come and go of hardness-softness in Tuan Zhuan,its purpose is to discuss where every hexagram comes from.There are four types of hexagram-changes theory in history,they are change directly,overlap of two trigrams,reversal of hexagram and change indirectly.This thesis detailedly discuss the theories of these four types of hexagram-changes theory of some important scholars,and the advantages and disadvantages of noting Zhou yi with these theories.Theory of change directly is represented by Yu Fan,his theory make ten bigua(sovereign hexagrams)turn into other hexagrams,in addition,make liuzi hexagrams turn into other hexagrams and some particular cases.There still are some disadvantages when predecessors try to recover Yu fan's theory,in view of that,this thesis detailedly analyze all cases of Yu Fan's hexagram-changes we can see now,and repainting the hexagram-changes charts.Most scholars inherited Yu Fan's theory before Tang Dynasty,but the scholars of Song Dynasty less than Tang Dynasty.Theory of change directly has re-emphasised until Wu Cheng of Yuan Dynasty and Zhu Sheng of Ming Dynasty created hexagram-changes from ten bigua(sovereign hexagrams)and liuzi hexagrams.Mao Qiling of Qing Dynasty who inherited Yu Fan's theory and also had new changes.This thesis detailedly analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Mao,and summarize its characteristics.After Mao Qiling,Hui Dong and Zhang Huiyan let the theory of Yu Fan rise again.Theory of reversal of hexagram,as proposed by Li Tingzhi,Zhu Zhen used it to note Zhou yi sometimes.Yu Yan of end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty and Lai Zhide of Ming Dynasty used theory of reversal of hexagram to note whole Zhou yi.Yu Yan thought the high-low of lines is relevant to progress of hexagram reversal,and hexagram reversal need to work with the main lines.Hexagram reversal of Lai Zhide is very precision,he explored the system of hexagram-changes,enlarged the range of acquiring and using of guas'image.Lai Zhide pushed theory of reversal of hexagram to the top.Theory of change indirectly also just be put forward by Li Tingzhi.This thesis thinks Li Tingzhi the inner logic of Guabian Fandui Tu and Liushisigua Xiangsheng Tu are interlinked.Zhu Zhen used theory of change indirectly to note Zhou yi sometimes.Zhu Xi drew Guabian Tu,inheriting theory of change indirectly of Li Tingzhi,however,he didn't use six bigua(sovereign hexagrams),and still use ten bigua(sovereign hexagrams)to make other hexagrams.It was developed into a new complex chart which including xiantian yi-ology thinking,it can be said it is the peak of theory of change indirectly.This thesis detailedly drew the path of hexagram-changes of Zhu Xi,and affirmed that Guabian Ge were not created by Zhu Xi.Theory of overlap of two trigrams was put forward by Chen Yi and Su Shi both in Song Dynasty.They explained the come and go of hardness-softness of Zhou yi by advocating that trigram Qian and Kun born six children trigrams,eight trigrams overlapped into hexagrams.Zhu Xi made a criticism of this,and Zheng Ruxie inherited it.There are a few supporters after Song Dynasty.Through studying hexagrams-change theories past dynasties,we can draw a conclusion that hexagrams-change theories include two kind of thoughts,one is the recombination of guas and lines,another is handling complexity by simplicity.Scholars of past dynasties created hexagrams-change theory because of Tuan Zhuan,not only for discussing the origin of hexagrams,but also for researching the forming of hexagrams and combination of lines,it has important significance.