Ethnic Identity Of Yi Ethnic College Student: Features,Influencing Factors And Effects

Yi ethnic college students have been influenced by the Yi culture and also accepted the Han culture.They not only have to shoulder the critical task of inheriting the Yi ethnic culture,but also have to comply with the behavior pattern which conforms to the whole social norms.They are not only facing the process of cultural adaptation and social adaptation,but also need to solve their own contradictions and conflicts which encountered during the psychological development process.One of the essential tasks is the development of mature and stable ethnic identity.The development of ethnic identity will have a significant influence on the psychology,behavior and daily life of Yi college students.In the process of formation and development of ethnic identity,Yi college students not only have to explore a series of self-identity issues,such as who they are,what their status in society,how to become an ideal person,but also constantly thinking about what their own group is,What the characteristics of the their ethnic is,what their own attitude to the ethnic group is,what their own ethnic groups in the community position is and how to deal with the relationship between themselves and ethnic and other issues.The Yi students’ exploration of the identity of "self" and "ethnic group" often accompanies and interacts with each other.This kind of exploration will have an important impact on the Yi people’s self-consciousness,personality improvement,and mental health.The field of Ethnic identity in the West has formed a unique study.There have been a lot of systematic and more theoretical attention and empirical researches.In China,the field of psychology has not yet been fully concerned about.It started late and relatively lack of in-depth empirical research.There is still no consensus on the concept,composition,and structure of ethnic identity in the western countries.Our country has an ethnic group policy with Chinese characteristics and the cultural differences among ethnic minorities.Therefore,in China,ethnic identity study can’t thoroughly learn from the Western research path,it needs in-depth study of localization.This requires the study rooted in the further culture of ethnic minorities.Firstly it needs to be rooted in a special group link to the depth of its cultural resources and psychological advantages.In order to further comparative study among different ethnic groups and find commonness and difference.In addition,ethnic identity influencing factors is mainly in the study of demographic variables,and the influencing factors about individual and interpersonal variables are scarce,and there are few systematic studies in the same research.Still,there is little to explore the intrinsic mechanism between the ethnic identity and mental health.There are also relatively single research methods,the current research is more use of questionnaire survey,less qualitative and quantitative research combined,questionnaire and experimental method combined.Therefore,the systematic study of the Yi college student ethnic identity can not only summarize the general law and unique characteristics of minority ethnic group college students’ ethnic identity,but also have important practical significance.Based on the view of individual psychological harmony and social harmony,this study chooses the Yi college students as the research object and adopts the interview method,the questionnaire test method and the experimental method to investigate the Yi college students’ ethnic identity from the aspects of characteristics,influencing factors and consequence variables,which provide a scientific basis for effectively improving Yi college student’ mental health and promoting their better adaptation and integration into the mainstream social life.Specifically,through three parts of the study:Study 1 utilizes the open questionnaire to collect data and the grounded theory to analyze the data by initial encoding,focus coding and theoretical coding,and finally extracts the Yi ethnic college students’ ethnic identity structures and components.On the basis by research 1,the study 2 combined the expert suggestion and group discussion method to develop the initial questionnaire of the Yi ethnic college student ethnic identity,and then collect the data from the Yi ethnic college student,and obtain VII 958 valid data.The odds of these data are project analyzed and exploratory factor analyzed.Confirmatory factor analysis is carried out in the rest of the data,and,finally,get the formal questionnaires of the Yi ethnic college student ethnic identity.In the study 3,first,there were 958 Yi college students from seven colleges in Sichuan Province were investigated by self-compiled questionnaire of Yi ethnic college student ethnic identity,and the degree of ethnic identity on different gender,age,school type(ethnic college or non-ethnic college),school level(undergraduate or college),peer interaction and other demographic variables are analyzed.Hope for providing support for the further promotion of the Yi student self-concept construction and development.In order to investigate the implicit and explicit in the ethnic identification of the Yi nationality college students,study 4 developed a Single category implicit association test(SC-IAT)and then SC-IAT and questionnaires were used to examine the relationship between implicit and explicit ethnic identity of Yi college students.The degree of individual’s identity to the group,on the one hand,it is influenced by the individual’s own believes,on the other hand,it is affected by the perceived group’s attitude(ethnic discrimination perception).The research 5 and the research 6 respectively examine the influence of the ethnicity essentialism and ethnic discrimination perception on the Yi college student ethnic identity.The two studies both first were followed by a cross-study,and then the experimental method was used to investigate the causal relationship under the control of the relevant variables.In order to investigate the ethnicity essentialism and ethnic discrimination’s impact on ethnic identity,Study 5 to read the material to arouse the Yi ethnic students’ ethnicity essentialism,research 6 through the memorial paradigm manipulation Yi college students awareness of discrimination.Currently,the relationship between ethnic identity and mental health,more research focus on the effects of ethnic identity on negative psychology(such as anxiety and depression),and less focus on the effect of positive psychology(such as subjective well-being),however,positive psychology promoting as important as negative psychological preventing.we need to give more attention to positive psychological.In addition,subjective well-being and culture are closely linked.The people who hold different cultural values have different experiences of happiness.Yi ethnic is a group with their own unique culture,Yi ethnic,especially the Yi ethnic college students how to contact their ethnic identity with the subjective well-being is a worthy issue to in-depth discussion.Therefore,study 6 to investigate the mechanism of ethnic identity on subjective well-being,mainly examining the mediation role of self-esteem and social adaptation.Through the above research,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The Yi college student ethnic identity is composed of three dimensions: exploration,commitment and belonging.Exploring is a cognitive activity or a cognitive process that expresses the perception,and attention on all the factors associated with the ethnic group.Commitment is the individual on the basis of exploration,compare their own ethnic groups with other ethnic groups,analyze and judge,formation uniqueness awareness about their ethnic group,and confirm,recognize and accept their identity with Yi ethnic.A sense of belonging is an overall emotional which individual experience the senses of belonging,pride,and responsibility.(2)This research developed the "Yi college student ethnic identity questionnaire",contain three dimensions: exploration,commitment and sense of belonging to,a total of 15 items.The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,which accords with the standard of psychometric measurement and can be used as a tool for measuring the level of Yi ethnic college students in the future.(3)The majority Yi college students highly identify with the Yi ethnic.On the whole,there is no significant difference in ethnic identity between the genders.The level of ethnic identity among the Yi students in the ages of 17 to 19 years is increasing rapidly,and slow growth and stabilization from 20 to 26;the Yi ethnic college student ethnic identity in the non-ethnic college is significantly higher than the Yi ethnic college students in the ethnic colleges.The level of ethnic identity from the colleges is higher than that of the college students in the undergraduate schools.The more peer Yi people,the higher level of their ethnic identity.Yi ethnic college students on the identity of the Yi people implicit and explicit correlation is not significant,implicit have a high degree of negative recognition,and in the explicit have high degree of positive recognition.(4)The ethnicity essentialism and ethnic discrimination perception have significant influence on the ethnic identity of Yi college students.Yi college students hold a higher level of ethnicity essentialism,they will more identify with Yi ethnic;Yi college students experience more ethnic discrimination perception,they will more identify with Yi ethnic.(5)Ethnic identity plays an indirect role with the subjective well-being of Yi ethnic college students.Self-esteem and social adaptation play a mediating effect between ethnic identity and subjective well-being.The higher level of ethnic identity promoted the higher level of self-esteem and social adaptation,and increased the level of subjective well-being.