Further Research On Gramsci’s Theory Of Cultural Hegemony

As we all know, Antonio Gramsci was an important figure in the history of Marxist. He has the ups and downs of the experience, a wealth of combat experience, superman revolutionary will, unique insight and extensive historical influence. Form this sense, Gramsci are both a revolutionary theorist and a theoretical revolutionist. These two identities have a relationship with the theory of cultural hegemony. In recent years, cultural hegemony theory has become the focus of attention of scholars, and research results are not unusual. On the whole, we are trying to draw out the logical framework and the overall appearance of the theory of cultural hegemony clearly. However, due to the basic position, research methods and academic background, etc, there has been some "distortion" and "chromatic aberration" in these efforts. Since the existence and spread of these "distortions" and "Chromatic aberration", the "image" of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony is becoming blurred and twisted up. For this reason, we believe that re-examine the theory of cultural hegemony and its related issues is worthwhile on the basis of existing research results.In the research, we try to highlight two kinds consciousness. One is the consciousness of subject. In order to reflect the subject property of the Marxism Development History, we adopt the different study approach unlike Marxist philosophy, Western philosophy, Literature and art. The second is the text consciousness. We try to re-find the theory of cultural hegemony from the text of Gramsci. Based on the above considerations, we try to expand research from six aspects including the formation conditions, formation history, core concept, theoretical system, basic evaluation and contemporary values.The first chapter discusses the formation conditions of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Like many ideas, the formation of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony is inseparable from practice-based and ideological resources. Practice conditions can be divided into indirect revolutionary practice and direct revolutionary practice. The former is the October Revolution in Russia, the latter is the factory committee movement. In addition, it also involve the anti-fascist movement. These two revolutionary practice which has different results are the "comparison table" and "frame of reference" of the theory of cultural hegemony. The thought resources include domestic resources and external in two parts. Native thought resources mainly related to Machiavelli, Labriola and Croce. External thought resources mainly involve Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg. What need points out is, the relationship between these thinkers and Gramsci cann’t be simply understood as accepted and received by or inheritance and inheritance.The second chapter discusses the history of the formation of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Firstly, combing the situation of study about the history of the formation and repositiong the history nodes which are error. On the basis, proposing the basic methods and main principles of stage division. Finally, in accordance with the methods and principles proposed, Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony is divided into four stages.The third chapter discusses about "egemonia" which is the core concept of Gramsci’s cultural hegemony theory. Firstly, analyzing "egemonia" translation. We believe that hegemony should be translated into leadership after careful analysis of the five translation. Then we make a statement about the overall characteristics of Gramsci’s egemonia from the diachronic and synchronic levels. Finally, it is about the study of comparative study of the hegemony. Through text study, we countered three proposition of "Opposition" existing in the comparative study between Gramsci and Lenin.The fourth chapter discusses the contents of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Firstly, civil society is the logical starting point of the theory of cultural hegemony, By tracing the tradition of history of thought of civil society in the Western, we can intuitively grasp the novelty of Gramsci’s idea of civil society. Gramsci discover the mystery of bourgeois rule is cultural leadership of civil society in the European capitalist countries. Therefore, he began looking for a way different from the Russian Revolution. This exploration has gone through two periods:before prison and jail. After the repeatedly thinking in the period before prison, it was finally clear of the positional warfare strategy. Finally, after the revolutionary road and strategies selected, Gramsci started looking for the historical subject of implementing the positional warfare, thus forming the theory of Intellectual.The fifth chapter discusses the basic evaluation of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Among them, firstly, Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony "Hume’s problem" was discussed. And then, the evaluation of the dialectical relationship between fact evaluation and value evaluation are briefly elaborated. Then, four negative evaluation on Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony are summarized and focused Comment. Further evaluation of the causes of negativity appears a reflection from a methodological level. Finally, based on the method of reflection, attempt to Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony were evaluated again.The sixth chapter discusses the contemporary value of Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. Its contemporary value includes the Ideological influence generated in the West and the realistic inspiration in China. The Ideological influence mainly including Althusser’s theory of ideological state apparatuses, Cultural Studies of Birmingham School and Laclau,Murphy’s thought of discourse hegemony. Its realistic inspiration in China is embodied in the question about how to control the ideological hegemony. This revelation may contain microscopic practical level, but more of a concept in a macroscopic level.