Research On The Auxiliary Capital Of Chong Qing Police Administration Reform During The Anti-Japanese War

During the Anti-Japanese War period, along with Japan's increasing aggression in China, the nationalist government removed its central agency to the west of China-Chongqing. As the capital and the war time capital, the status of Chongqing rose to the country's political, economic, cultural and diplomatic center. Faced with a series of social problems, such as the destruction of the hostile forces such as traitors, the continuous bombardment of enemy planes on the rear area of the city, the continuous flood of refugees, low quality of police in the war time, and insufficient police officers, police, as an important part of the country's armed forces, played an important role in maintaining the normal social order and stability, preventing and cracking down on all kinds of crimes, and ensuring the safety of people's life and property through the adjustment of functional structure in time of war. It fully performed its functions of social control in the war time capital, and made a significant contribution to the victory of Anti-Japanese War. Therefore, our present thesis chooses the period when Chongqing was set as the war time capital, and the war time police reform as investigation object in order to compensate the weak link in the Anti-Japanese War research.The basic logic architecture of our thesis is as follows: first of all, from the longitudinal angle, our thesis looks back upon the introduction of modern time police system in China, and the creation of early police organization and police system by the gradual transplantation of the local legislation activities. After the adjustment and adaption in the Qing dynasty and in the period of Beijing government, the modern time police system was basically formed by the early stage of the Nanjing national government.Then from the angle of the lateral, our thesis further discusses the content of the routine function reform of the war time capital-Chongqing police, the extension of the special function of police in war time as well as the extensions of the war time police identity after the breakout of the Anti-Japanese War. Finally, our thesis makes a comprehensive evaluation.Firstly, a series of reforms focus on the police regular functions was taken to make the war time capital police regular ordinary functions more significantly enhanced than the time before the war. Such as, relaunching the organization and construction of police service, improving the capital police public security prevention and control system in war time, ensuring the household resister management which was important in the police affairs, improving the fire control and traffic management methods in the war time capital-Chongqing, and constructing the foreign affairs police management function system that met the international needs.Secondly, the war promoted a major change in the functional structure of war time capital police capital. In response to Japanese invaders' continuously strengthened indiscriminate bombing to Chongqing, the state extended the routine functional structure of police and give capital police air defense function. This was a special function for the war time capital police. Chongqing as the war time capital and capital, was the national political, economic, cultural and diplomatic center, therefore the importance of its air defense function was promoted to an unprecedented height. Though capital police didn't fight against the Japanese invaders directly when implementing its air defense function, it made an important contribution to protect the safety of anti-Japanese personnel in the back, and redeem property losses. It could be seen as a backbone of resistance against Japanese aggression. At the same time, the capital police further extended its criminal and law enforcement functions, and strengthened its war time anti-rape function. Because the police was a regular organ who investigated and arrested criminals during the peace time, they were more experienced and professional than other administrative law enforcement departments in weeding out the traitors. It was worthy to entitle the capital police the function together with the army and gendarmes to weed out traitors in the rear area of Anti-Japanese War.Thirdly, during the war time, auxiliary capital's police further derived their responsibilities, they were not only responsible to maintain social's safe, fight against crimes, manage fire-fighting and transportation, but also had the capability of fighting. Therefore, the government done reform to war time police's education and training, including increased police's military skills to respond to war, reinforced of the police's political and ideological management, which had changed the main-administrative enforcement body's identify of the auxiliary capital's police from single police to army and police. Police's education and police's new normal not only trained sheriffs who could well satisfied the basic needs, but also created many police officers who owned the ability to conduct and lead the others. These police served as police in peace time but soliders in war time, thereby, they played double roles in maintaining social stability and fighting against the Japanese invaders. The other derivation of main-administrative enforcement body's identify was the creation of volunteer police organization. Wars had make badly damaged to social economic development, which had leaded to the limit of national financial, shortage of police funding. However, volunteer police, an inform police, which had effectively recovered the shortage of war time police, but also saved the expenditure. Volunteer police was a successful test of the war time police to utilize private forces, they played very important role in protecting auxiliary capital and maintaining rear's stability.Taken together, the mainly achievements in our present study are as follow: First, we have clearly clarified the source and flow of modern times' police administrative, which had been transplanted from oversea, then passed through the onset of the late Qing dynasty, the early development of the Republic of China, until the Nanjing national government when it tends to be improved. Second, we have explored the modern times' police administrative that come from exotic, including the process of its adjustment and adaptation, as well as the process of its fate and survival condition. Third, we have discussed the modern times' police administrative was initial formation in the early stages of Kuomintang government. Fourth, we have verified a series of reforms for auxiliary police's normal functions, and endowed the police special functions according to the development of the war, such as respond to enemy air attack, elimination of traitors, etc..Fifth, we have discussed the reform of police's education system in auxiliary capital, endowed war time police an identify "army and police", which had extended main-administrative enforcement body's identify of the auxiliary capital's police and derived of system. Sixth, we have discussed the war time volunteer police system.Though the victory of Anti-Japanese War has already passed 70 years, the contest of maintaining post-war international order are still going on. Current international relationships are very complicated, peripheral security situation of China are very grim. Therefore, it will undoubtedly give us very important warning and reference meaning to study the reform of war time police construction. During Anti-Japanese War, the method of police administrative reform and a set of rules or regulations policing system, which had helped to protect Chongqing and maintain rear's stability, and it is worth mentioning that some of these methods could still function as a reference for today's police reform. The reform of war time police administrative in Chongqing is a microcosm of the national war time policing development, it has an important meaning in maintaining social's safe and rear's stability, as well as the victory of Anti-Japanese War, in addition, it also inspires our future generations to remember history and actively absorb the invaluable of policing development, which would promote our country's policing development toward the direction of more rational, more normative and more civilized.