Research On The Evolution And Development Of Rural Governance System Since The Founding Of The People's Republic Of China

"The rural areas prosper,the country will flourish".As a traditional agricultural nation,China has a large rural population.There are lots of people who live in and will continue to live in the country for a long time.So the prosperity and stability of the rural areas are of the foremost importance.It directly affects the overall situation of the modernization.The problems of the rural areas are multitude and very complicated.Rural governance system is one of the most prominent problems that the villages face.Rural governance system,also known as the rural governance mode or rural governance structure,generally refers to the rural governance subjects' behavior patterns and their relationships which formed by the rural governance subjects on the exercising their power and responsibilities.The rural governance system is appropriate or not is directly related to the effectiveness of rural governance,and the effect of rural governance is not only related to the life and fate of the farmers,but also closely linked with the stability and development of the country.As an ancient country with great civilization,China,its one of the most successful experience it can take the lead in the long historical period is the Chinese dynasties in its history have all attached great importance to rural governance,and as a result formed the unique rural governance system with the characteristics that the county as a basic government and the squires governing the countryside.The development of the countryside since the founding of the People's Republic of China is also closely connected with the character,nature,and structure of the rural governance system.On decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform adopted at the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,it clearly put forward the strategic objective to promote and achieve the modernization of national governance system and capacity.Governance,as a concept,was formally appeared in the articles of the CPC Central Committee for the first time.It marks that the CPC Central Committee has a further deep understanding of the country's administering and grasped the rule trend in depth,and that it is also a new achievement of the adaptation Marxism to Chinese conditions.The basic point of the governance theory is it stresses on multiple governance subjects to manage the public affairs together on the separation of state from market,and on the separation of state from society,through the interaction and negotiation within multiple subjects,to achieve the end the society is good governance.Scientific and reasonable state governance system is an integral part of the national governance system,and it is also the necessary condition for the modernization of national governance.As an indispensable part of the state governance system,the rural governance system is closely related to the rural society's stability and development.An effective rural governance system will be the footstone of the national and social stability.Therefore,construction of a scientific and reasonable system of rural governance is of fundamental significance for the realization of the modernization of the rural and even the whole country 's governance.However,as far as our country's current rural governance system concerned,there are still some problems such as non-separation of the party and the government,the township regime being suspended and seeking profits,the excessive administration of the villages autonomous organization,the over game between the township government and the villages autonomy,the imperfect of social organizations'development,and etc.Thus there's a big disparity between the current rural governance system and the inherent requirements of the governance concept and the rural governance modernization.In the new period that the strategic goal of the new urbanization and the modernization of national governance is proposed and implemented,what's the trend and orientation of rural governance reform?How to construct a scientific and reasonable rural governance system?These important questions,we need to make effective response.Oriented by these problems,we should fully draw on the fruits of human civilization,seek Chinese gene in our own historical development,and be in institutional framework of the socialism with Chinese characteristics,establishing a scientific and rational system of rural governance,to show Chinese characteristics,Chinese style,and Chinese manner.In the 1990s of last century,a new perspective,"state-society" paradigm,was emerged in the Chinese academic research.In a short time,this paradigm,produced a great impact on the social research and finally became an important academic trend of thought." State-society" perspective provides a more effective analysis and interpreted tool for the social science research.But because this paradigm,from the west,is founded on the basis of the relatively perfect market mechanism and the competitive party system,so when we use this paradigm to research issues of China,we should combine it with the national conditions of China,make the "State-society" paradigm localization.Based on the governance theory,this paper tries to use the "State-society"paradigm with Chinese characteristics,to research the transition of rural governance system since the founding of the PRC,then to find the trend and inherent law of rural governance,and finally tries to combined with the Chinese national conditions,providing the suggestions for innovation and improvement of rural governance system in the new era.Specifically,different with the western context in that state is equated with government,in this paper,the state will be divided into two levels:party and the government.The ruling position of the Communist Party of China in our country is formed by history.As core strength of the revolution and construction,the CPC is always the designer and promoter of top system,and since 1949 year,it has played a key role in the system's formation and transition of rural governance.The effectiveness of rural governance and the transition of rural governance systems are closely connected with the role of the market.This paper will take the variables of market and its role into study,to explore the formation and transition of rural governance system.Combined with the Chinese conditions,the paper refines the"society" which came from the western context as formal rural organization,non-government organization,farmers,rural elite and other social subjects,and gives a detailed study respectively.As a traditional agricultural country,there is a high proportion of farmers in China.With the development of new urbanization,the number of farmers will gradually reduce.But there are still a considerable number of farmers for a long of time in the future.Farmers are not only the object of rural governance,but also the real masters of rural society.They more should become the true subject of rural governance.As important elements of rural society,farmers are picked out and gave the particularly research.Their willingness and abilities to participate in rural governance,is directly related to the effectiveness of rural governance,and even related to the achievement of the goal for rural good governance in the new era.On considering Chinese traditional experiences of rural governance,and the practical role of rural elites played in contemporary rural governance,therefore,in the research of the system innovation for new era's rural governance,the paper will also particularly single out rural elite,one of the most important elements of the rural society,and carrying out more delicate research.By exploring the status,role,interaction,historical experiences and lessons of rural governance multi-subject,the CPC(the Communist Party of China),government,farmers,market,social organization,that they have played in the system transition of rural governance since the founding of New China,the paper wants to provide reference and inspiration for the innovation and improvement of the rural governance system in the new era.The research shows that the transition of rural governance system since the founding of new China is mainly determined by the economic,political and social development,also affected by different times,customs and other factors.From the view of the subject,after 1949 the historical evolution of our country's rural governance system is mainly affected by these four factors:the party and the country's strategic idea and system design,market status and the field of its effect,the farmers' autonomous consciousness and their subject status in governance,social organization development and its action field."Everything such as lotus blossom and lotus root appears must have its origin".The innovative of the rural governance system "is not drawing on a blank paper,but based on the current system of rural society,through the deeply reflection of the existing governance dilemma,to seek inspiration and answer ".Thus the paper's point is that in the new period of the strategic goal for the new urbanization and the modernization of national governance which is proposed and implemented,we should do change and innovation on the base of the current Township-government and villager self-government,endeavor to construct the multi-subject consultation and co-governance rural system in which the CPC is as leadership,government dominant,farmers main bodies,market guidance and the whole participation,and to make sure the structure among different governance bodies such as the CPC,state,market,farmers,social organizations,etc,can be reasonable,and could promote their good interaction among them,play their respective positive role in rural governance,and facilitate the realization of the goal for rural governance modernization.