A Study On Lobbying Politics And Its Governance Of American Interest Groups

As a product of bourgeois democracy,interest groups made their first appearance in America in the late 18 th Century.In addition to the American people's inclination to form associations,a wide variety of interest groups came into being due to the discrepancies in economic status,political attitudes,cultural background,values,and interests.Through the development of more than 200 years,the United States has witnessed the growth of the most developed and most typical interest group politics across the world.The interest groups have imposed great influence on American domestic and foreign policies by means of lobbying,which is regarded as the most important way for the American people to get involved in politics.They play an active role in various aspects,such as the expression of different interests,the assistance of decision-making,the supervision and appraisal of the government,the realization of civil rights and other aspects.Meanwhile,along with the development of democratic politics,limitations and negative effects of American interest group lobbying have become increasingly obvious: money politics,corruption,unfair competition,the efficiency of government,and the erosion of public interests,etc.,which make it a real political problem to regulate and govern interest group lobbying behavior,thus increasing its transparency and openness to guide their activities.In addition to the two parts of introduction and conclusion,the thesis consists of six chapters.The introduction part is the core content of the literature review,which lays the foundation for the research.Exploring American interest groups lobbying is the precondition and basis of the research on American interest group lobbying regulations and governance.Therefore,the first chapter introduces the overview of American interest groups and lobbying politics,defining the core concepts of interest group,lobbying,lobbyist,lobbying organization,regulation and governance,and analyzes the relationship between interest groups and lobbying.Then it introduces the classification of interest groups according to their standard of different goals of action,followed by the typical representative of the interest groups.Finally,this chapter discusses the theories related to the interest group lobbying governance,including the theory of Marxist of interest coordination,the theory of legislative regulation,theory of decentralization and pluralism,the theory of procedural and organizational structure,the theory of strengthening the function of political party,and governmentindependent decision-making theory,which constructs the related theoretical basis for the following discussion.The second chapter explores the panorama of interest groups and lobbying politics from multiple dimensions,including the history of the five periods of development,the institutional space,basis of culture,and jurisprudence,along with its intrinsic motivation,characteristics and the core relationship.Through the analysis of the above seven dimensions,the paper demonstrates a perspective,objective,and thorough panorama of American interest group and lobbying politics.The third chapter mainly elaborates on the positive and negative influence of interest groups and lobbying on the bourgeois democracy of the United States in the political process.The positive analysis of interest groups and lobbying is essentially an extensive analysis and recognition of the second chapter from the dimension of its function,followed by the research of the negative influence on the American political process such as social injustice,corruption,low efficiency of decision-making,and the destruction of American democracy etc.Therefore,this part is the reason analysis of American interest group lobbying governance,laying the logic foundation for the following introduction of the practice of American interest group lobbying governance.Based on the comprehensive and thorough understanding of the first three chapters,the fourth chapter introduces the practice of regulation and governance of American interest group lobbying,which is the most important and essential part,which is based on four levels and seven perspectives,such as the legislative,administrative and judicial regulation in the national level,political party suppression,governance of civil society organizations and supervision of mass media in the social level,and individual moral self-discipline.To conclude,the governance of American interest group lobbying is practiced by the Congress,the Federal government,the Supreme Court and other organs of state power in a top-down manner.Bottom-up is the way in which the political parties,civil society organizations,mass media and individual citizens(lobbyists)cooperate with the government in the process of governance.The third way is an individual behavior,i.e.the lobbyists take initiative in the process of cooperation and governance.The diversification of the behaviors,the partnership between the behaviors and the multi-dimension of power operation direction demonstrate that an interactive,cooperative and multi-behavior governance network has formed,which is the main research findings and innovation.Then thepaper discusses the basic principles and characteristics of American interest group lobbying regulation and governance.The first part of the fifth chapter concludes the limitations and dilemmas of American interest group lobbying regulation and governance,while the second part probes into the nature and essence of interest group and lobbying governance in the United States from the perspective of Marxism:(1)reflecting the relationship between capitalist economy and politics;(2)coordinating interest conflicts within the bourgeoisie;(3)adjusting and improving capitalist democracy;(4)maintaining and strengthening the government of the bourgeoisie.This chapter furthers the study on the essence of the phenomenon.Chapter six discusses the understanding on Chinese social relations and analyzes the status quo and the characteristics of the development of the current social organizations and their roles in China under the background of the socialist society with Chinese characteristics in a new era where the main social problems have gone through great changes.It offers some suggestions which contribute to the development of constructive relationship between the government and the society in the process of their interaction and cooperation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.Also,it raises five questions concerning the construction of China interest coordination mechanism by drawing experience from American interest group lobbying governance.The last part briefly reviews the previous research and the conclusion,points out the limitation and defects in this study as well as the direction for future academic endeavor.