Research On Part Of The Target Groups' Evasive Behavior During The Universalism-oriented Policy Implementation

Why does a policy aimed to distribute benefit to the public but it isn't universally accepted? From the relationship between the public and the public policy,the public is the source of public power,the government policy should serve the public and be responsible to all members,so the public should agree with the policies that enacted by the government.From the nature of Universalism-oriented policy,the original intention of the policy is to distribute the benefits equally to the public,in other words,every policy audience enjoys the opportunity and shares of the benefits of the policy.So,within the target groups,everyone is supposed to response and participate positively.The theoretical research on individual behavioral has laid a solid theoretical and practical basis for the analysis of public evasive behavior in the implementation of Universalism-oriented policy.In theory,there are abundant theoretical studies abroad,there are two implications,first of all,the assumption of human behavior should be positive.Secondly,there is a possibility that human behavior chooses to depart from reason.This possibility also makes the subject more significant,for what reason the individuals do not choose the policy that gives them maximum benefit.In practice,focusing on the cognitive psychology of individuals is the trend of individual behavior research in recent years.Both domestic studies and foreign studies show the trend of looking for differences in the behavior of individuals at the cognitive level of individuals.This provides a good way of thinking for the establishment of this paper.Based on the analysis of existing literature,it is appropriate to find out the dominant factor of individual behavior from the internal factor of individual,so the intrinsic factor of the individual may be the main reason for the individual choose to avoid the policy.On the basis of summarizing the existing analysis dimensions,the author puts forward the analysis dimension of "cognition--emotion--behavior",and classifies the behavior according to the cognitive conflict and emotional conflict.From the perspective of cognitive conflict,this paper seeks to find out the cognitive reasons for the individual evasive behavior from three aspects of policy cognitive conflict,rules cognition conflict and fair cognitive conflict,and cognitive conflict intensity is made from policy cognitive conflict,cognitive conflict rules and fair cognitive conflict.From the perspective of emotional conflict,this paper discusses the emotional reasons of individual evasive behavior from two aspects of fairness and satisfaction.The behavior of individual circumvention behavior is the result of the effect of emotional conflict on the basis of cognitive conflict.Based on the analysis of the dimension,avoidance behavior can be divided into passive response behavior,"voting by foot" behavior,hidden violations behavior and indifference behavior,the analysis of each kind of evasive behavior was analyzed by case analysis.Passive response is a state of passive participation based on the psychology of exclusion policy,the individual might quit as soon as possible.In the process of participating in social security,migrant workers show passive participation and passive response behavior,which is a combination of high "cognitive conflict" and low "emotional conflict".Although there is a strong cognitive conflict,the emotional conflict is maintained within the individual tolerable range,so it can be shown as a negative response in evasive behavior.The term "voting by foot" is a combination of high "cognitive conflict" and high "emotional conflict" in which individuals move to places where they can fulfill their personal needs in order to show "vote" preference,because they do not agree with the policy.In the case of the education,the parents tend to give up the opportunity to enroll in private schools,migrate their household registration,buy school districts,etc.Cognitive conflicts and emotional conflicts are beyond the reach of individuals and can only be resolved by leaving.Hidden violations behavior is a combination of low "cognitive conflict" and high "emotional conflict" by adopting a non-compliance or opportunistic approach to policy benefits.Taking farmers' participation in the new rural cooperative policy as an example,the individual is cognizance of the policy and wishes to participate in it,but the conflict in the emotional level is very strong,which leads to the maximum benefit of the individual taking covert violations.Indifference behavior is a combination of low "cognitive conflict" and low "emotional conflict",it describes the public response to policy as a state of indifference or delay.Taking public participation in energy conservation and emission reduction policies as an example,the public in indifference behavior is characterized by default,fuzzy or neutral state,and the cognitive conflict between policy and policy is weak.In the aspect of emotional conflict,the public tends to be neutral in the sense of fairness and satisfaction of energy conservation and emission reduction policies,the emotional conflict is not obvious.The Universalism-oriented policy needs to learn about the logic of cognition and the emotional venation in order to make the policy goal to realize.Especially the part of the target groups which choose the evasive actions,pay attention to their cognitive and emotional condition in order to reduce the evasive action to take place,so that the value of the Universalism-oriented policy will come true.Based on the two dimensions of cognitive and affective analysis,this paper puts forward the policy recommendations for the reconstruction of Universalism-oriented policy from five aspects of policy cognition,rules cognition,fairness cognition,fairness and satisfaction.