| Family-of-origin is the first place where individuals involved from birth,producing far-reaching influence on individuals' physical and psychological development.Based on the Ecological System Theory,this research explored the influence of Family Microsystems on college students' psychological adaptation.932 college students from 10 colleges were investigated,and their Family-of-origin information were broadly collected.For each family,father,mother and the child were participated in the research at the same time.Analyses were produced to answer how sub-systems in Family(family environment sub-system,couple sub-system,parent-child sub-system)affect the college students'(as the child in the family)psychological adaptation.The model of combined effects of Family Microsystems on college students' psychological adaptation was built,and the function routes were clarified.Specifically,5 sub studies were conducted.In study 1,the influence of family environment sub-system on the college students' psychological adaptation was explored.The main results concluded that(1)overall,the current condition of college students' psychological adaptation is above moderate,with high level of psychological well-being,self-esteem,low level of psychological symptom.(2)The type of home location has a certain degree influence on students' psychological adaptation.More specifically,students from prefecture-level cities have more advantageous than students from countryside.(3)Parents' level of education has a strong influence on students' psychological adaptation,and there are some differences in parental influence.In the family which parents' education level is junior college and below,the higher of parents' education level is,the better are students' psychological well-being and self-esteem,students whose parents have moderate education level have the least psychological symptoms.In the family which mother's education level is college and above,the psychological adaptation of college students showed no advantage;in the family which father's education level is college and above,the psychological adaptation of college students is better.(4)Social economic status of father,mother and family has a great influence on students' psychological adaptation,and mother's social economic status influenced more widely.More specifically,in terms of psychological well-being,self-esteem,the higher the social economic status of the father,the mother and the family is,the more are the advantages,and in terms of psychological symptoms,students whose parents have moderate social economic status have the least psychological symptoms.College students with higher socioeconomic status of mother have more symptoms of Somatization,Obsessive-compulsive,Hostility and Paranoia.In study 2,the couple sub-system was analyzed.The marital satisfaction scale,the marital adjustment scale and the marital health test were used to investigating the marital relationship of college students' parents,and then influences on students' psychological adaptation of marital relationship were explored.The conclusions showed that:(1)Parents' marital relationship has a certain difference in students' gender,type of hometown location,whether only child or not,family socioeconomic status.More specifically,parents of male college students have higher scores on the marital adjustment scale,and mother was more satisfied with her marital,parents of the rural students and non-only-child students have better marital interaction,parents of high family socioeconomic status have higher scores on the marital adjustment scale and the marital satisfaction scale.(2)The parental marital satisfaction influenced the students' psychological adaptation significantly,the effect occurred in various indicators of psychological adaptation,which are psychological well-being,self-esteem and psychological symptom.(3)Multiple group path analysis findings show that the influence path of parents' marital relationship on college students' psychological adaptation are different.In the family of male students group,only-child group,city group and high family socioeconomic status group,the parental marital satisfaction predicted the students' psychological adaptation significantly.In the family of female students group,non-only-child group,rural group and low family socioeconomic status group,the parental marital relationship influenced more widely,the parental marital adjustment predicted the students' psychological adaptation significantly too.Study 3 focused on the influence of parent-child sub-system on students' psychological adaptation.Taken parental styles as indicators of parent-child relationship,using latent profile analysis,the differences of students' psychological adaptation under different parental styles was probed.The results are as follows:(1)male students scored higher than female students in negative parental style.Only-child students scored higher than non-only-child students in both parental affection-warmth and mother' interference protection.Urban students scored higher than rural students in negative parental style as well as positive parental style,reflecting that authoritative parental style is more prevalent in urban.(2)Parental style could predict students' psychological adaptation;positive parental style predicts psychological well-being and self-esteem positively;negative parental style predicts psychological symptom positively.Parental affection-warmed are good for child's psychological adaptation,parental over protection are bad for child's psychological adaptation.In addition,mother's punishment and father's rejection and denial have a great influence on psychological adaptation.(3)College students' parental style could divide into 3 subtypes: emotional warmth type,over restrained type,apathy reject type,which can be viewed as the variations of permissive parenting and the authoritarian parenting in western culture.Students in emotional warmth type have optimal psychological adaptation status,and students in apathy reject type have the poorest psychological adaptation status.(4)Family parental style could divide into 4 subtypes: compassionate father and mother,stern father and compassionate mother,compassionate father and stern mother,stern father and mother.Students in compassionate father and mother type have optimal psychological adaptation status,while students in stern father and mother type have the poorest psychological adaptation status.Compared to the compassionate father and stern mother type,students in stern father and compassionate mother group have more advantages in psychological adaptation,which shows the leading role of mother's parenting behavior in the family.Study 4 aimed to explore mediating effect of the child's perception about their parents,and then build a combination model of family-of-origin's influence on college students' psychological adaptation,following conclusions are obtained:(1)the revised scale of the child's perception of parental conflict contains two sub-scales which are conflict cognition and self-involvement.The revised scale has good reliability and validity,which can be used for the college students' perception of parents' conflict measurement.(2)Marital relationship is positively associated with positive parental style,and negatively associated with negative parental style.Negative parental style is positively associated with the child's perception of parental conflict.(2)Parents' marital relationship affect students' psychological adaptation by the students' conflict perception and parental style.What's more,the child's perception of parental conflict played a partial mediating effect between parental style and psychological well-being,self-esteem,psychological symptoms.Study 5 designed a group counseling program of family therapy orientation for enhancing college students' psychological adaptation.The immediate effect was tested by 8 times group training,and the follow-up effect was verified by tracking measurement 5 weeks after the end of group counseling.It can be conclude that a group counseling program of family therapy orientation could effectively improve the students' psychological adaptation status. |
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