Research On The Integration And Development Of Old-Age Social Insurance Between Rural And Urban In China

The integration of Old-Age social insurance between the rural and the urban plays a significant role in the industrialization and urbanization, as well as the balanced development between the rural and the urban and the promotion of the transformation of the Dual Economy. Since 1990s, the migration in China has been growing faster and faster, especially the inter-migration from the rural areas to the urban areas. Meanwhile, it was aslo the most active period in the reform of Old-Age social insurance in the whole country.The Urban Basical Old-age Insurance (UBOL) became certain in 2005 after the reforms of "Social Poor+Individual Account" and multiple financing set up in 1997 and the "Liaoning Pilot". And meanwhile, the rural Old-Age social insurance was settled through the reforms of the traditional rural Old-Age social insurance and the new ones tried by different local areas. The experiment of integration of Old-Age social insurance has been in the early stage facing with the reality of huge migration and the need of building a uniform labor market. The Urban Residence Old-Age Social Insurance (UROSI) integrated with New Rural Old-Age Social Insurance (NROSI) into an unified system called Urban and Rural Residence Old-Age Social Insurance (URROSI) in 2014, and in the same time the transferation between the UBOL and the URROSI was put into practice, which suggests this kind of transferation rises to a higher level never seen before.However, there are still several realistic barriers faced by the integration, including the fragmentation of rural Old-Age social security which stops the uniformation of NROSI in rural areas, the obstructions of the transferation in the UBOL which stops the level of "Social Poor" arising, and the lag behind of the reform of the Old-age social insurance in the civil service department, as well as the hinders.A three-step strategy should be implemented basing on the assessment of the reality. Firstly, promote the reforms of the UBOL and the NROSI through the break-up of the fragmentations in the systems and the obstructions between different systems and realize the uniformations of the dual systems themselves. Secondly, the current transfermation policy should be promoted to realsize the efficient transfermation between the UBOL and the UROSI. The end, keep increasing the level of the "Social Poor" and integrate the rural and urban systems and set up a unified Old-Age social insurance for the whole country, based on the "Social Poor" arising to whole country.The basical structure of the unified Old-Age social insurance for the whole country is "National Pension+Individual Account Pension+Occupation Pension". The different pillars in this Multi-pillar Model interprets apply different fundraising patterns and supply different protection levels from the lower to the higher, which integrate with the private Old-Age business inrurance into China's Multi-pillar Model.