Evaluation Research On Tourist Urban Ecological Security System

Chinese tourist industry has been going through the long-term sustainable rapid growth and cultivating the basic industry structure and market framework, since the 30 years of the reform and opening-up. Tourist cities are the special type of our cities. With the superior service function of tourist industry and high growth rate of tourist economy, the kind of cities have taken the sustainable development of tourist resources as the goal orientations. As the core and backing of tourist industry development, those cities have been making the important contribution for the prosperity of the tourist industry growth. However, extensive tourist industry development model has brought indelible influence on tourist industry of our country, triggered diversified ecological security problems and weakened the sustainable development ability of tourist cities. Against the background, the research on tourist ecological security system should be the core field to the survival and development of tourist cities, which would cause wide attention of relative scholars at home and abroad and management departments at all levels.As the core field of the ecological security research, ecological security system evaluation research has made abundant research achievements. But there are still some insufficiency:because of lacking the systemic research of ecological security system, it will be unable to define and identify the essential characteristics and key components of ecological security system; The system components is considered as isolated, static and independent, which resulted to ignore that the relationship among the system elements of ecological security system; the scientific quantitative evaluation of tourist ecological security system has been ignored led to be unable to guide the development practice of tourist cities. In view of this, this paper takes the tourist urban ecological security system analysis as the breakthrough point. The tourist urban ecological security system is analyzed into two parts-- system elements and the relationship among systemic elements. And those system elements are placed on the relationship among elements in order to conduct the integrated framework and establish the analyzing platform of the tourist urban ecological security system. Based on the systematic and dynamic research perspective, this paper explores the evaluating theory and evaluating method of tourist urban ecological security system.The first part is the analysis of tourist city ecological security system. Through literature research and reference to previous research results, this paper defines the connotation and denotation of tourist urban ecological security system. Based on the theoretical framework of the DPSIR conceptual model and the characteristics of the tourist cities, it defines the 5 elements of tourist city ecological security system (driving force, pressure, state, impact and response) and analyzes 7 relationships among those five elements. And then, it analyzes the characteristics of four subsystems of tourist urban ecological security system (economy, society, natural environment and tourist industry), extracts the specific indexes of the five elements, and constructs the corresponding evaluation index system.The second part is the evaluation methodology of tourist urban ecological security system. According to the basic theory of system science, this paper describes tourist urban ecological security system as a comprehensive system. Evaluation research on this kind of system should be integrated in accordance with the corresponding "relationships among systemic elements". Constructing an evaluation model of tourist urban ecological security system, this paper aimed to realize the dynamic description of tourist urban ecological security system and improve the scientific level of the evaluation conclusion. The evaluation research on tourist urban ecological security system model is composed of two steps:Firstly, Reasearch on the quantitative relationship among systemic elements. The DPSIR model is employed to conduct the conceptual and abstracted structure of tourist urban ecological security system. With the perspective of "reason-result", the mutual relationships among the 5 elements are defined as 7 groups of causal relationships. This paper employs the structural equation model to quantify and verify the mutual relationships among those elements. And then, the ecological network analysis theory is used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the mutual relationships among systemic elements of ecological security system. This part discusses the comprehensive state of mutual relationships and the function realization capacity of tourist urban ecological security system. Secondly, Compressive evaluation research on tourist urban ecological security system constrained by quantitative relationship among systemic elements. The network DEA model is the basic evaluation model. According to the above research conclusion, the network DEA model, combined with the quantification research on relationships among the systemic elements, uses the mutual relationships to construct the network structure, and calculaties the degree of importance of each node in the general system in order to set the weights of network nodes based on the combination of each path distribution in each network node. This research realizes the closer integration between "mutual relationship among systemic elements" and "system comprehensive evaluation'". It is formed the new research paradigm of ecological security system evaluation to realize the comprehensive evaluation of tourist urban ecological security system, which takes the mutual relationships as the constraint condition. And then, this system is decomposed into two stages: natural operation stage and management feedback stage. It constructs two independent network DEA models and analyzes the economic and social development impact on the ecological environment and the management ability of the ecological security system respectively in order to identify the key nodes to improve the situation of tourist urban ecological security system and explore the core problems of tourist urban ecological security system.The third part is the measure and evaluation of ecological security system of Chinese main tourist cities. This paper selects 30 tourist cities as the study objects, and adopts the above proposed system evaluation model of tourist urban ecological security, combined with the empirical data of 30 cities to evaluate their tourist urban ecological security systems. According to the result of the quantitative relationship among systemic elements, the negative effect of "R" to "P" is failed to be supported, which indicates response measures of those tourist cities have still been lack of efficacy to alleviate the dissipation of pollutants and the impact to environment. In the acting path of "D-P", the effect coefficients are relative higher, which indicates the development of economic and social system has produced the great impact on ecological environment. The negative effect of "S-I" shows the state of ecological security system has been deteriorating and influencing the development environment of tourist industry. The positive effect of "I-R" shows the development of tourist industry has improved response measures of tourist cities. The positive effects of "R-D" and "R-S" reflect that response measures could maintain the state of ecological security system and improve the economic and social development. And then, in the evaluation research on the mutual relationships among systemic elements, this paper constructs the transfer equation of material and energy in tourist urban ecological security system, and measures the ecological network evaluation indexes. The result shows:Chinese tourist urban ecological security system has processed the greater channel capacity and channel polymerization, the moderate channel redundancy. It indicates that the tourist urban ecological security system has the potent ability of material and energy conversion with interdependent components. The ecological network is mature and stability. It also forms the centralized information exchanged pathway and relatively moderate vacancy rate in order to save some flexible exploration space for future development and emergencies of tourism cities. According to research result of compressive evaluation of tourist urban ecological security system, this paper evaluates the efficiency values of "natural operation stage" and "management feedback stage", and makes the integration of two efficiency values to get the comprehensive evaluation values of various tourist urban ecological security systems. Based on the comprehensive evaluation values and the two stages'evaluation values, those 30 major tourist cities are divided into five kinds of basic categories, which are "green development type", "steady development type", "high efficient development type", "two-way promotion type" and "management ability lack type". And then, it identifies the characteristics of these five types and puts forward to the targeted strategy suggestions of improving various types of tourist urban ecological security systems.