Land Allocation,Land-use Efficiency And Regional Economic Growth

In China,the land use expansion is not only the result of rapid economic growth,but also an importance driver of regional economic growth and source of local fiscal revenue.The rapid change of land use structure and increasingly prominent contradiction between land supply and demand pose challenges to the land use and management tool in China.All land is either state or collectively owned in China,which is different from private land ownership in western countries.Therefore,land play a different role in economic growth.Existing economic theories treated land as production input or consumer utility,while ignored how land impact government spending and private investment.This dissertation discusses how land allocation and utilization efficiency impact regional economic growth,as well as the land use optimization approach.The contribution of this dissertation are as follows: First,by examining how land use impact local economic growth based on the characteristics of Chinese socialist market economy,this dissertation can supplement the theory on land utilization and regional economic growth.Second,by discussing the relationship among land resources allocation,utilization efficiency,and regional economic growth,this research provides reference for the government to optimize the land resources.Firstly,this dissertation analyzes how land allocation and its utilization efficiency impact regional economic growth and discuss es the optimal path of land allocation.The optimal resource allocation model was chosen based on the Pareto optimality.In addition,based on the characteristics of socialist public ownership of land and the Chinese socialist market economy,this dissertation constructed a production function that includes both the agricultural and non-agricultural department.Results show that,construction land expansion has both attraction effects and extrusion effects,and the impact of construction land expansion on fiscal expenditure is determined by the price elasticity of land.In addition,the comprehensive effects of construction land expansion on regional economic growth were determined by the effects of private investment and financial investment multiplied by their marginal output.By contrast,the effects of land-use efficiency on regional economic growth were determined by the impact of land-use efficiency on economic output efficiency,private investment,and financial investment.The land allocation efficiency loss analysis based on the Pareto optimality can provide the basis for the land resources optimization.Secondly,based on city-level data from 2003 to 2013 and IV-2SLS regression,this dissertation empirically examined how urban construction land expansion impacts regional economic growth through non-infrastructure expenditure,infrastructure investment and private investment.The results indicate that the influence mechanism of urban land expansion on regional economic growth differs across areas.In the east part of China,urban construction land expansion has positive impacts on non-infrastructure expenditure,infrastructure invest ment and private investment,among which,the effect of non-infrastructure expenditure path is the most significant.In the central part of China,both the infrastructure investment,which has the highest effects,and non-infrastructure expenditure have positive impacts.However,land is negatively related to the private investment.In western part of China,the infrastructure investment,which has the highest effects,and private investment have positive impacts.But the impact of non-infrastructure expenditureis not significant.Thirdly,using a panel data of prefectural cities and above in China from 2003 to 2013 and employing SLM model,this dissertation constructs a stochastic frontier production function to estimate the land-use efficiency according to the input-output relationship of land per unit,and empirically investigates its impacts on regional economic growth.Results indicate that the cultivated landand urban construction land-use efficiency increases steadily,but the former still remains at a relatively low level.The cities with high land-use efficiency concentrate in the Pearl River Delta,Hunan province,Hubei province,southern Henan province,eastern Anhui province and the intersection between Shandong province and Jiangsu province.Cultivated land utilization efficiency has a significant positive impact on agricultural economy in all the five region in China.The effects of eastern and central region are relatively low,while that of the southwestern regions are higher.Urban land-use efficiency has significant positive on non-infrastructure expenditure,infrastructure investment and private investment,with the impact differs across regions.The degree of informatization,agricultural loan scale and exemption of agricultural tax have significant positive impacts on thecultivated land utilizationefficiency in all of the five region in China,while the impact ofother factors is different across regions.The spillover effect of urban construction land-use efficiency is significantly positive,the effectsare higher in central,northeastern and northwestern than in southeastern cities.The determinants of urban construction land-use efficiency are also regionally different.Finally,using the data of 31 province in China from the year of 1999 to 2013,this dissertation proposed a model which is aimed at finding the best optimization path of land in order to estimate the efficiency loss of land sector allocation and construction land spatial allocation.The estimation results indicate that the land sector allocation efficiency loss,which is the largest in western China and larger in the eastern and smallest in the central,is induced more by marginal revenue gap between agricultural land andconstruction land than by the under-optimal scale.The fact that the marginal revenue of construction land in t he western and central China is less than that in the eastern China leads to the landspatial allocation efficiency loss,which is increasinggradually.Thus,increasing the revenue of agricultural land and increasingmore quantity of construction landin eastern China than other regions are the best way to optimize the land allocation in the present situation.This dissertation makes some suggestions to strengthen and improve the land use and control in China,such as pay attention to not only regional equality but also efficiency optimization in land use planning,treat investment increasing as an important assessment to expand urban land,promote construction land use efficiency and agricultural land use effi ciency collaboratively,and establish land use and control measuresthat areregionally targeted.