| Peanut is the major oil and economic crop in China. During 14 years of 2000-2013, the status and effectiveness of peanut planting had been enhanced increasingly, the planting acreage, per unit area yield, and total production of peanut grew respectively 14.68%, 24.51% and 42.79%. Currently,1/2 total production accounting for about 1/3 of area of oil crops has been produced, peanut has its total production value of being ranked in the fourth place based on the crop area accounting for the sixth place, and its efficiency of per unit area even ranks first among the staple grain and oil crops. It's obvious that the peanut is with high economic sustainability and better social benefits, which has the great significance in increase farming efficiency, increasing farmers' incomes, and protecting the safety of edible oils in China. However, so far the growth of peanut economy depends more and more on consumption of industrial agriculture resources in addition to relying on technological progress. Ecological sustainability is a natural and objective basis for sustainable development of any form of economy, the development of sustainability of the economy will be unsustainable due to ecological shortage. In this regard, we have to put forward the ecologically rational reflection on the current peanut economic growth:Whether the peanut industry ecology is efficient? How to avoid the excessive consumption of the ecological value while maintaining sustainable development of industrial economy will be an urgent topic that we must face.Therefore, this dissertation is aimed at starting from the value currency of nature-economy-social complex system, namely from the perspective of ecology emergy, supplemented with the sustainable development theory, ecological economy theory, the circulation economic theory, comparative advantage, statistical theory and methods to analyze the use of natural resources, emergy investment structure and the system sustainable development level of China's peanut planting system during 2000-2013, together with the horizontal comparison of all the main production region, thus to put forward the countermeasures for the sustainable development of the peanut production system in China. The main research conclusions are as follows:1. Sustainable level of peanut production system based on emergy perspective is decreasing. Seen from emergy investment structure, the dependence (the ratio accounting for total emergy investment) of China's peanut production system on natural resource emergy during 14 years became more and more smaller, which decreased from 15.21%to 12.32%, while its dependence on assisting emergy of economic society increased from 84.79% to 87.68%; and its dependence on renewable resources emergy fell from 63.12%to 21.79%, while its dependence on the non-renewable industrial support emergy rose from 36.89% to 78.21%. Environmental loading ratio increased from 2.15 to 3.59. Emergy sustainable index of China's peanut production system decreased from 1.69 to 0.68.2. The input of four emergy of agricultural machinery, land, fertilizer and labor was major driving factors of the total emergy output of the entire peanut system. According to the constructed Cobb-Douglas production function theory, the author analyzes the major driving factors for the low emergy output with high emergy input of peanut planting system in China. The results indicate that there's the largest elastic coefficient (0.287) of agricultural machinery emergy input, namely, it has the most significant effect on improving the emergy output of the peanut production system, and its contribution to the emergy output in the future will be even larger with the improvement of mechanization level of peanut production in China; the second was the land emergy input (0.214) and fertilizer emergy input (0.206), indicating that the expansion of peanut acreage had been a greater role in promoting the emergy output of the peanut production system, with the further play of the advantages such as peanut's drought and barren resistance, high efficiency and so on, the time and space of peanut planting will continue to expand in the future, the fertilizer also had a greater effect on emergy output, but it's essential to pay attention to the control of emergy input volume and optimization of the input structure; while the labor input had a smaller impact on emergy output of peanut system (with the elastic coefficient of 0.177).3. There's obvious emergy differentiation of subsystems of each main production region of China's peanut planting, need guidance to its emergy input structure and layout planning. In order to optimize the emergy input structure of main production region of China's peanut from the emergy perspective, and guide the layout planning of nationwide peanut planting system, the comparative research on the emergy differentiation of peanut planting subsystems was conducted in Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other nine main production regions in 2013. The results indicate that the assisting emergy especially the non-renewable emergy value has become the emergy input subject of the peanut production regions; in fertilizer emergy input structure, there's unbalanced emergy input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and there were too much nitrogen and phosphorus, and there's a serious shortage of potassium, and minimal organic fertilizer. By analyzing from sustainable development index of emergy, the peanut production systems in Guangxi, Henan and Anhui were over 1, respectively 3.07,1.69 and 1.45, they were in better development state; followed by was Sichuan of 0.87, which was in the middle level; while Shandong, Hebei, Guangdong, Fujian and Liaoning were respectively 0.41,0.18,0.14,0.14 and 0.11, which were at the lower levels. Seen from scale advantage index, emergy efficiency advantage index and emergy integrated comparative advantage index, the three indexes of Henan and Shandong were greater than 1 (1.09-2.58), belonging to regions with the strong advantages; the scale, emergy efficiency advantage index of Hebei, Liaoning, Guangdong, Anhui and Guangxi were 0.70-2.48 and 0.46-1.76 in respective, and the emergy integrated comparative advantage index was 1.00-1.19, belonging the advantageous regions, where Hebei, Liaoning and Guangdong should enhance the assisting emergy utility in future production, Anhui should appropriately expand its production scale; and the three indexes of Sichuan were respectively 0.99,0.93 and 0.96, which belonged to the sub-advantageous production region; the scale advantage index of Fujian was up to 1.33, while its emergy efficiency advantage index, emergy integrated comparative advantage index were weaker with respectively 0.47 and 0.79, the assisting emergy utilization should be enhanced in the future.4. Make comprehensive evaluation on the sustainable development of peanut production systems through the combination of emergy indicator and traditional economic indicator. First of all, the author clearly knows the connotation of sustainable development of the peanut production system, namely, under the premise of ensuring the economic efficiency while not causing damage to the ecological environment, thus to establish the ecological production regions with optimized ecological economic structure, and the stable biological chain and industry chain, and ultimately achieve the coordinated growth of eco-efficiency, economic efficiency and social efficiency; the second is to build a comprehensive evaluation index system for sustainable development of peanut production system, and determine index weight, and calculate integrated index value. The results indicate that there were relatively higher economic and social sustainable levels of China's peanut production during the research period, showing the overall upward trend, which increased from the reference value (1.000) to 1.335 and 1.050 in respective, while the ecologically sustainable level showed significant dropping trend, which decreased from the reference value (1.000) to 0.903. According to relevant analysis, there's a significant negative triangular correlation between ecology and economy, the social sustainable level, and comprehensive evaluation coefficient, and relevant coefficients were respectively-0.921% -0.922% -0.871. Therefore, the economic and social sustainable levels of China's peanut production will be unsustainable due to the decline of ecologically sustainable level.5. Put forward the countermeasures and policy suggestions for sustainable development of China's peanut production systems. Based on the qualitative analysis of the status quo of peanut production system in China, its emergy quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation, the author in this dissertation puts forward countermeasures for sustainable development of China's peanut production with high economic and social benefits, and builds the sustainable development path from two levels of "production technology" and "policy system" under the premise of ensuring scientific and rational use of various resources without causing damage to eco-environment. The production technology development path of peanut sustainable development is based on principle of recycling and regeneration of ecological engineering substances, principle of resources and industrial economics, to take clean production technology system as a guide, scientific and technological progress as the support, pre-production, together with the use of resources reduction during production, recycling and reuse technology to reduce the input of assisting emergy such as the seeds, pesticides, mulch plastic film, electricity and others, thus to conduct the organic coupling of upstream, midstream and downstream industry chains of the peanut production system to form a development mode of rational resource input and sustainable utilization (substance recycling utilization, energy cascade utilization) and ecological cost-efficient, thereby ultimately achieving the coordinated growth of eco-efficiency, economic efficiency and social efficiency. Seen from the institutional level, the government is recommended to start from the perspective of protecting national oil supply security capabilities, protecting public nutrition and health levels and improving farmers' planting efficiency, the government should strengthen the knowledge on peanut and other multipurpose crops that are used as oil, food, economic crops, together with the development of policies for supporting peanut planting and related industrial chains, and put peanut into the planning system of national competitive industries; the government should promote implementation of quality and safety peanut production project and technology, the government should improve the organizational level, and industrial level of peanut production, and encourage farmers to set up peanut cooperatives, and encourage the farmers to work together with enterprises to build "one control two decreases and three foundations" ecological quality, energy-saving and efficient production base. |
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