Research On The Problem Of Urban And Rural Social Security Equalization In China

Social security is one of the most concerned about the topic. Enjoy the basic social security services, from poverty due to illness, disability and old age is one of the basic rights of people,have no right to deprive anyone, and for the national government's main responsibility is to provide a social security service. In recent years, along with the transition of the state financial abundance and ruling idea, achieved great development, our country social security health insurance coverage of more than 95%, the endowment insurance coverage over 80%, improve the level of social security in our country, also have great benefit to the improvement of national life.However, the improvement of the overall coverage can not cover up social security structure of the internal imbalances. Enjoy different social security in our country there are two standards of urban and rural residents, whether social security coverage and the level of security, rural residents are lagging behind the urban. Two major social security project in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the new type of rural social endowment insurance (residents of urban and rural social endowment insurance), since there is little financial investment, individual farmers pay ability is weak, lead to low per capita funding, leading to low reimbursement ratio,reimbursement limit, security level needs to be improved. In addition, have not been established in the countryside, unemployment insurance, inductrial injury insurance and maternity insurance system for rural residents still faces huge unemployment and inductrial injury risk. The plight of the migrant workers is not optimistic, they lose the survival foundation, the rural limited land is insufficient to maintain basic life, into the city still face unemployment, work injury, medical and pension and a series of serious problems. Migrant workers social security level is far lower than the urban residents, though work and life in the city, but can't enjoy equal treatment with citizens.Many lose labor ability of migrant workers were forced to return to the countryside, the rural minimum living security system security standards is extremely low, lead to the living conditions continue to deteriorate. Phenomenon of the equalization of urban and rural social security has the Chinese characteristic, long-term the imbalance of social security service in rural residents under enormous pressure to survive, to strengthen the urban and rural dual economic structure and social structure. This is invasions on the rights of farmers' basic, neglect of farmers' status, seriously violated the constitutional equality in the spirit of the constitution, destroyed the social fairness and justice, the negative impact on social stability, exacerbating the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" continued. Therefore, it is not only beneficial to the development of our country's economy, especially the rapid development of rural economy, but also help to improve the social fairness. For the maintenance of the equalization of urban and rural social security system, Social stability, building a harmonious society have a significant and far-reaching impact.In particular, the main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows:First of all, through the equalization, social security, equalization of social security concepts and related concepts such as fair and efficient elaboration, to understand and grasp the issue of equalization of urban and rural areas of China's theoretical context. The development process of the urban and rural social security system in China has been reviewed and sorted out. It has gone through a difficult and tortuous road of development, including the creation period, the adjustment period, the retrogression period, the recovery period, the reform period and the perfect period.After that, the paper describes and analyzes the basic situation of social security in urban and rural areas in China, and compares urban and rural areas from the aspects of social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, the results show that both the financial investment and the coverage and protection level exist larger gap.Secondly, using the ahp method to measure the two most important items of social security -old-age security and medical security are calculated, which objectively reflects the equalization degree of urban and rural social security. The results show that, both in the initial stage and at the present stage, China's urban and rural social security are in an unbalanced state. At the same time,the spillover effect of the equalization of urban and rural social security in China is analyzed by means of the relevant statistical data and the reasonable mathematical model. Through the analysis,it is found that the unbalanced state will affect the rural residents' income distribution,consumption behavior and happiness sense of the negative impact brought about in the material and spiritual levels of the formation of rural residents in fact the interests of the damage.Thirdly, depth analysis of China's urban and rural social security caused by non-equalization.Mainly from the social system factor, the government function factor, the financial policy factor,the legal frame factor and the farmer own factor and so on five levels carried on the quite comprehensive explanation. Among them, the social system factors include the dual urban and rural economic system, urban and rural dual household registration system; government functions include administrative consciousness and the way of rigid, management and regulatory bodies are not perfect; fiscal policy factors include more fiscal tilt to the city, the tax system and financial difficulties of the township financial difficulties; the legal framework factors include the low level of social security legislation and the imperfect legal system of social security; the farmers' own factors include the lack of farmers' political rights and the lack of farmers' demands.Finally, the paper puts forward the mechanism construction and countermeasure of promoting the equalization of urban and rural social security. In the part of mechanism construction, the main idea, principle, characteristic, direction, goal and content of mechanism construction are explained in detail, which provides mechanism and system support for the realization of urban and rural social security equalization in China. In the part of countermeasures, we should focus on changing the institutional arrangement of dual structure of urban and rural areas, step up the perfection of the social security supervision and management system, deepen the reform of public finance system, perfect and perfect the legal system of social security and promote the awakening of the rights consciousness of rural residents, improve the social security of urban and rural areas to pay attention to several aspects.