Study On The Optimization Of Machinery System Used In Rice Production Based On The Scaled Operation

As one of China major crops, rice is planted in the southern part of Qinling mountain and Huai River , also very important in Northeast area, whose area is keeping steadily growing following with the mechanization requirements. From 1990s,labor force has always transferred from rural area to city, so family farms and cooperatives are keeping growing, following with operation model changing from scattered small household to scaled farm, which have much more purchasing power and require full line mechanization equipment based on their local different conditions. In view of the changes of the development environment of rice mechanization in these new periods,the overall strength of China's agricultural machinery industry has been rising and the capacity of agricultural machinerytechnology has been increasing, and exploring these problems: how to analyze the supply and demand of rice production technology; how to give a reasonable evaluation about the lectotype of rice machinery (referring to agricultural machinery used in rice production links such as plowing, rotary tillage, nursery, fertilization,planting, planting, harvesting, straw returning, drying and so on); and how to optimize the allocation of rice machinery; not only has important theoretical significance to promote interdisciplinary research between the agricultural engineering and management science, but also has important practical value to help agriculture economic entity with the machinery purchase decision-making, to help rice machinery manufacturers with technological innovation and product strategy decision-making.The paper uses synthetically the literature analysis, field investigation and cluster analysis method,the logarithmic mean weigh division index method,the arable land circulation forecasting method based on the non-linear programming, the rice operation scale forecasting method based on data mining, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, optimization theory and method, to quantitative analyze the influencing factors of farmland circulation and to forecast the scale of circulation, to reveal the operation scale distribution of agriculture and the operation mode, to do the selection evaluation for all the rice machinery used in every production link, to optimize the configuration according to the machine needs of the scale operation entity for rice production. Specific research work is as follows:(1) Based on logarithmic mean weigh division index method factor decomposition methodology, the farmland transfer effects decomposition model is constructed, which include economic effect, farmer increased income effect, operation will effect, agricultural mechanization effect; Based on the maximum income principles, with the income constraint of inflow farm and outflow farm, the suitable transferred farmland forecast model is constructed. From the historical data analysis,the farm operation scale distribution function model is constructed, to analyze the different scale based on different farm operation model.(2) From the rice production technical requirements investigation of 110 scaled farms, equipment technique requirements model based on different farm scale has been created, then interview with 36 county level authorized agricultural mechanization service department, to analyze the maturity level and requirements level for different mechanization process, and through the investigation of family farms in Jiangsu, Hunan, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Hubei provinces,the mechanized techniques selected for each operation of rice production were analyzed and compared.(3) The selection of rice machinery is studied based on fiizzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the analysis of literature and research,this paper expounds the selection principle of rice machinery, considers the operation characteristics of each link, constructs the comprehensive evaluation index system of rice farm machinery, uses Delphi method to determine the weight of index,constructs the membership degree of evaluation index Function; According to the characteristics of different indicators, the evaluation index value is obtained by discussion,information access, and questionnaire investigation with the two central-level agricultural identification structure, eight provincial agricultural identification station and 30 rural economic organizations. Then the membership degree of each model is calculated. Finally, the pros and cons of the machine are determined quantitatively and comprehensively according to the membership degree.(4) Analyzing the income and cost mechanism of rice scale operation body,considering the income of natural agricultural land, the income of fixed contract service, the income of competitive service, the purchase cost of rice machinery, the cost of labor, the cost of maintenance of machine tools, the cost of fuel consumiption,and the cost of timely loss of machine transportation, to build the objective function of the optimal allocation of rice machinery constructing in rice, and considering the quantity limits of the workload (integrating weather constraints, time constraints,personnel constraints, etc.), agricultural equipment allocation, investment volume, and non-negative constraints, to build the constraint equation, a more rational establishment of the optimal allocation of rice machinery model is made. Then taking a family farm in Suzhou as an example, and using machinery selection results of rice production operations, the data including the price, the life, the operating efficiency,the available operating rate, the fuel consumption, the rate of maintenance costs, the service prices, the number of personnel, the staff wages about the proposed machine,that is,the key parameters of the machinery,is obtained through the field research.The coefficients of the objective function and the constraint equation are determined,and the result of the optimal configuration of the machinery is obtained by solving the model.From the above research works, main conclusions as following:(1) Economic factors,farmer revenue increment effect, and agricultural mechanization effect are positive to accelerate farmland transfer. Among of them, the agricultural mechanization effect is biggest positive one, and operation will effect has significantly negative influence. Economic factors promote a substantial increase in the rate of arable land in East China and South China, which in the Yangtze River Delta region is the most prominent. The effect of farmer revenue increment mainly promoted the increase of cultivated land in East China. The effect of operating intention has a significant negative effect on the transfer of cultivated land in all regions,among which in the southeast region is the most prominent. The effect of agricultural mechanization on the promotion of arable land is most significant, and the turnover rate of cultivated land in most areas is more than 10%, but South China and the southwest regions are relatively low.(2) Technology options of rice production machinery are as follows: Paddy field and the tillage selects from the two ways including conventional mechanized rotary tillage, and the combination of deep turn and rotary tillage; planting machine will be mechanically breeding and trans-planters; fertilizer machine will be mechanically spreaders; crop care will be high efficient sprayers; irrigation will be canal; harvesting machine will be combine harvesters; residues machine will be straw chopper; dry machine will be mechanically drier technology.(3) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is combined qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis well, which can overcome the limitation of theoretical analysis, field experiment, and expert evaluation method when selecting rice machinery. The machine selection of every operation link in rice production through sorting by the membership degree is more realistic than that of other method.(4) The rice machinery optimization function model has the concept of fixed contractor service income and free competitive service income, which are suitable for the current actual family farm and cooperatives' business model, whose machinery satisfy their in-house needs and outside customer needs,and also has the investment constraint, which is in line with our current operation entity limited financial capability. The optimization results of rice machinery in a family farm in Suzhou area show that the profit of the family farm will be increased by 23.08% compared with the original profit.