Study On Rice Large Plantations Mode In China

The rural land management model is always an important problem being paid close attention. The establishment of the household responsibility system reform has brought about flourishing release of life to our country agriculture. During the last twenty years, with urban areas developing rapidly, the labour productivity in the industrial sector has greatly increased fast and the living standards of workers have improved fast, so most agricultural population have inevitably shifted to cities, which causes the household responsibility system to come to an end and its defects to start to appear. As a result, the large-scale operation of agricultural land has become a historical necessity. The models of the large-scale operation are various, but this thesis only carries out a specific research. That is, large-scale fields are managed by large farms according to contracts, which exist in Shao Feng Village. Shao Feng Village recollects all the fields which are managed by every household and then divides the fields into two large parts: the majority are polders which are run by large farms according to land contracts; the other small part beside villages continue to be run by every household, and these fields are divided according to the population of every family. In this thesis, opportunity costs and economic profits are compared between large farms and self-employed peasants. According to the comparing analysis, we know that the opportunity cost which a self-employed peasant pays is much higher but his economic profit is negative. Therefore, in theory and practice, it is demonstrated that the scale-operation of fields is a necessity. At the same time, this thesis researches some specific measures which are taken by Shao Feng Village in order to improve the scale-operation and it also analyzes an adverse effect which some national agricultural policy subsidies have on large farms.Because the land contract period is very short, larger plantations are not willing to put in a lot of economic resources to build irrigation works,field roads and field comprehensive facilities, as a result, the quality of soil can't be improved and the agricultural efficiency can't be developed. In the course of land contract, the price is lower and many people want to contract large-scale fields, so it is easy for village cadres to do rent-seeking, which causes people's benefits to be damaged. In order to resolve this problem, this thesis puts forward the idea that part-land privatization policy should be carried out. In order to eliminate some bad effects national food policy subsidies have on the scale operation of fields, this thesis put forwards the view of changing the subsidy form and developing the processing of agricultural products. As some farms' benefits can't be fully safeguarded, the Cereals and Oils Association of large plantations should be built, at the same time, a kind of agricultural insurance mechanism should be built. These kinds of organizational measures and interest mechanisms are necessary to our country agricultural development.This dissertation consists of six parts which are:Chapter One: introduction, which tells about urbanization of rural population and research into farmland large-scale operation at home and abroad, and which also provides a sound basis for further research.Chapter Two: the present state of farmland large-scale operation at home and abroad. It carries out some researches on different models of farmland large-scale operation and analyses advantages of farmland large-scale operation.Chapter Three: the case study on rice large plantations at Shaofeng Village. This chapter compares opportunity costs,accounting profits and economic profits between large farms and self- peasants. As large farms' opportunity costs are lower and their economic profits are higher while self-peasants' opportunity costs are higher and economic profits are negative, rice large-scale operation becomes a necessity. Also, this chapter analyses bad effects which some national agricultural policy subsidies have on large plantations.Chapter Four: Risks of agricultural large plantations. In agriculture there exist natural risks,risks of decline in market price,risks of policies and systems and risks of peasants' weak position. Of all the peasants, large farms bear the greatest risk.Chapter Five: Improving the agricultural model of large plantations. Above all, in policy we should reform the household contract responsibility system and realize the privatization of some farmland; second, in organization system we should build the cereals and oils association of large plantations, which can protect interests of large farms; in interest mechanism we should set up an agricultural insurance mechanism and develop food processing industry, which can provide economic protection for large farms.Chapter Six: Summaries and prospects of the full thesis. It sums up innovation points of this thesis: first it analyzes the operation present state of agriculture from the micro-level; second, it puts forward a new kind of agricultural model which is worth popularizing; then, it analyzes the effects of national agricultural policy subsidies on large plantations from the theoretical point of view. It also shows there are many new areas which are worth further study.