Empirical Study On Rice Production Links Service Outsourcing In China

Division of labor produces efficiency,and scale produces economy.Agricultural production of China entered a new historical stage,and there are great changes in agricultural development goal and path.Agricultural development goal is from ensuring food security change into double goals of both ensuring food security and increasing farmer's income.Agricultural development path is from pursuit land output change into pursuit labor productivity,land output,and the utilization rate of resources.To increase farmer's income and improve labor productivity,it is inevitable to transfer more surplus labors and agriculture scale management.But there are many problems in agriculture scale management in China.Firstly,with the expansion of planting scale,the yield is fluctuating;Secondly,with the transfer of labor in to the second industry and the third industry,the quality of farming labor is declining.Thirdly,land circulation has a certain resistance.Therefore,inthe historical process of scale management,agricultural production links outsourcing will becoming the logical starting point of agricultural scale management in China.Based on this analysis,this paper chooses five key technical links which has important effect on rice production and area,and measures the rice production outsourcing process and general rules.This paper analyzes the efficiency,demand behavior,supply behavior,markets tructure,and price mechanism of rice production links outsourcing,to provide institution alarrangement policy for rice production links outsourcing.The paper mainly contains five parts as follows:Part one:Process of rice production links outsourcingBased on the analysis of development of rice production links service outsourcing in China,this paper found that rice production links outsourcing process is coupling with the characteristics of agricultural social and economics development,such as agricultural labor transfer,agricultural structure adj ustment,agricultural mechanization,agricultural organizations and agricultural social service.The investigation shows that rice production links outsourcing process is higher than land circulation process.The rate of land circulationis 15.25%in 2013,but the outsourcing rate in soil preparation,raising seedling,transplanting,pest control and harvesting are 57.53%?17.87%?28.09%?17.42%and 64.12%.Labor intensive links outsourcing occurs before technology intensive links.With the expansion of planting scale,the outsourcing rate of technology intensive links is growing,but the outsourcing rate of labor intensive links is showed "U" type change.Part two:Study on demand behavior of rice production links outsourcingBased on the framework of price theory of demand,this paper analyzes the factors affecting on rice production links outsourcing behavior,such as outsourcing price,farmers' individual endowments,labor,land,agricultural specialization process and policy environment.The results show that:farmers' outsourcing behavior follows the price of demand in labor intensive links,and with the enhancement of technology intensive degree,the price mechanism is weakened gradually,and it is malfunction in pest control links.It showed that the market structure is different in different production links.So the market mechanism can play important role in the links which price elasticity of demand is bigger,and the government intervention and regulation is helpful to improve outsourcing demand in the links which price elasticity of demand is small.Additionally,professional services organization and policy environment have certain influence on the farmers' outsourcing behavior.Part three:Study on supply behavior of rice production links outsourcingThrough the survey of 228 outsourcing service providers in 21 counties of 7 provinces,the results show that compared with ordinary rice farmers,outsourcing services providers have advantages in age,education,income,and machinery.Outsourcing service provides have certain pricing power and it showed that outsourcing market is not completely competitive market.Because of the labor intensity and quality,the wage of outsourcing providers is higher than the average level of faming labor and non-agricultural labor wages.The outsourcing service providers are divided into four categories according to the characteristics of providers in this paper,and choosing three providers for case study.Part four:The market structure and pricing mechanism of rice production links outsourcingThere are many differences in numbers of outsourcing service provider,the threshold of market,supply service homogeneity and information completeness between different rice production links.With the degree of technology intensive of links stronger,the monopoly strength is stronger,and with the degree of labor intensive stronger,the monopoly strength is weaker.Based on the perspective of villages,the market structure of outsourcing market of preparation and harvesting links are close to perfect competition market,and the outsourcing market of transplanting link is close to monopolistic competition market,and the outsourcing market of pest control link is closed to monopoly market.Because the labor and outsourcing service providers is flowing in region,the outsourcing price has auto correlation and dependence in spatial.The factors analysis of outsourcing price shows that:the scale of village has small effect on outsourcing price,and the per capita arable land has negatively affected on outsourcing price,which means that the per capita land is less,the outsourcing price is higher.The labor price and scarcity has essential impact on rice production links outsourcing price;and the increasing of labor price promote the increasing of outsourcing price.The development of specialized service organization has significan tinfluence on outsourcing price.Part five:Effects of rice production links outsourcing on efficiencyEffects of rice production links outsourcing on productivity mainly manifested in two aspects such as industrial effect and industrial internal effect.Industrial effects include the adjustment of employment structure,output structure,and income distribution.Industria linternal effects include substitution effect,technology effect and scale effect.In this paper,rice production links outsourcing behavior as exogenous variables to study the influence onfarmers' production efficiency.The results show that:the output elasticity of capital is higher than the output elasticityof labor,so improving the machinery substitute for labor helps to enhance the efficiency ofrice production;Land fragmentation leads to the loss of efficiency,so improving agricultural land infrastructure has positive efect on improving rice production efficiency.Effect of riceproduction links outsourcing on technical efficiency exist in technology intensive links suchas raising seedling and pest control,and labor intensive links outsourcing behavior has weak positive influence on technical efficiency,so rice production links outsourcing play a certain positive role in improving efficiency of factors allocation.The farmer's education has a reverse impact on efficiency which is a human capital "paradox",and it reflects the quality of farming labor is declining.Agricultural technology extension could improve rice production efficiency.