Agricultural Productive Service Mode Selection And Production Efficiency Of Grain Farmers

Farmer households have always been the most basic organizational unit of agricultural production,and the self-service mode of the family’s internal management is also the dominant agricultural production service mode.However,since the reform of contracting production to households,under the impact of industrialization and urbanization,agricultural production factors have undergone drastic changes in the short term,and agricultural production and service methods have also undergone significant differentiation.Household internal operations and outsourcing of production links have been They have become the two main service methods for farmers’ agricultural production.Among them,the former belongs to the self-service mode relying on purchasing machinery and other elements,while the latter belongs to the social service mode of purchasing machinery and other elements.The differentiation of agricultural production and service mode also further causes the controversy about the path of agricultural scale operation.In the former case,the scale of land operation is bound to be a necessary condition for agricultural production efficiency.If the scale of land operation is small,the operation cost of purchasing machinery and other factors must be high.Therefore,the expansion of family land management scale through land circulation is regarded as the only way of agricultural scale management.However,in recent years,under the condition of the "failure" of the farmland transfer market,the "farmland scale management theory" based on the internal management of farmers’ families and centralized management through the farmland transfer has been severely challenged.In contrast,the theory of "agricultural land service scale operation",which is based on the outsourcing of household production and realizes agricultural scale operation by agricultural productive service,is increasingly concerned by theory and policy.This article mainly discusses such a controversial question: First,in the middle of agricultural production,does the outsourcing of the production of farmers have more efficiency advantages than the internal operation of households? Second,can agricultural productive service support policies improve the production efficiency of food and agriculture? In response to the above questions,the theory of division of labor gives an affirmative answer.The reason is that the division of labor and specialization among agricultural households can effectively improve the efficiency of labor production compared with the internal operation of farm households.However,in theory,under the premise of unchanged agricultural land management right,agricultural production service providers can link farmers together by providing productive services to realize agricultural service scale economy.However,in the process of transaction,the high cost of searching,bargaining and transaction between farmers and production service suppliers may cause the loss of production efficiency.At the same time,farmers may also cause production efficiency loss due to the risk of differentiated pricing and monopoly pricing of production service suppliers.Moreover,the explanation of the division of labor theory also ignores the fact that the household internal operation can be further divided into two ways: traditional self-operation and mechanical self-operation.On the one hand,compared with self-operation of machinery,the efficiency advantage of outsourcing production is mainly reflected in the division of labor effect;On the other hand,compared with the traditional self-operation,the efficiency advantage of outsourcing production is not only reflected in the division of labor effect,but also reflected in the technological progress.This leads to the incompleteness of the division of labor theory in explaining the difference between the production efficiency of the two ways of household operation and outsourcing operation.In addition,in terms of policy targeting,supported by the theory of division of labor,current agricultural production service support policies pay too much attention to the development of agricultural land service market,which may exacerbate the "distortion" of agricultural land transfer market,push up the rent of agricultural land,and cause the loss of agricultural production efficiency.Faced with the deficiencies of existing research,this article has made breakthroughs in the following aspects.First,theoretically,the agricultural family internal operation is divided into traditional self-operation and mechanical self-operation.Under the framework of division of labor and principal-agent,the differences in production efficiency between mechanical self-operation and outsourced production are further discussed.In addition,under the framework of technological progress and division of labor,the differences in production efficiency between traditional self-management and outsourcing are discussed.Secondly,in terms of content,this paper empirically studies the efficiency between the two ways of agricultural family internal management and the efficiency of the two ways of production outsourcing management respectively.Third,in terms of the meaning of public policy,from the interactive perspective of the development of the agricultural land service market and the development of the agricultural land transfer market,further explore the future orientation of agricultural production service support policies.This article draws the following basic conclusions.First,at the level of the overall farmer households,the efficiency difference between the choices of agricultural production and service methods is mainly determined by the agricultural machinery capital per household.First,compared to traditional self-operation,Both self-management of machinery and outsourcing of production links can improve production efficiency This means that the deepening of agricultural capital is the primary factor in improving the efficiency of food and agriculture production.Secondly,compared with self-operation of machinery,production outsourcing has no significant impact on the production efficiency of food and agriculture.With other conditions unchanged,this means that there is no significant difference in production efficiency between purchasing agricultural machinery and equipment and mechanized services.In other words,under the condition of the same capital level of agricultural machinery per household,investment in self-owned machinery and purchase of agricultural machinery services have the same production efficiency.In short,although the outsourcing of production can improve the production efficiency of farmers due to the effect of labor division,the outsourcing of production is essentially a kind of market transaction,and market transactions inevitably generate market transaction costs,and there is a dilemma conflict between the division of labor economy and transaction efficiency.Second,at the level of farmers of different scales,the efficiency difference between the choice of agricultural production and service methods is determined by the scale bias and the average mechanical capital of each household.First,in the medium scale and above,compared with the traditional self-operation,both self-management of machinery and outsourcing of production links can improve production efficiency.This means that the deepening effects of agricultural capital brought about by mechanized food production have a certain scale bias,and they are biased towards a larger scale.Secondly,in different scales and different regions,compared with self-operation of machinery,production outsourcing has no significant impact on the production efficiency of food and agriculture.This means that there is no significant difference in productivity between using your own farm machinery and equipment and buying mechanisation services.In other words,under the condition of the same capital level of agricultural machinery per household,investment in self-owned machinery and purchase of agricultural machinery services have the same production efficiency.Moreover,it does not differ significantly with the change of operation size and operating conditions.Third,at the level of agricultural production policies,the intervention of agricultural service support policies has a negative impact on the efficiency of food and agriculture production.First,compared with the control province without agricultural production service pilot,agricultural production service policy reduces the efficiency of food and agriculture production in the experimental group.The results held true after a placebo test.Second,agricultural productive services policies have a significant negative impact on medium and relatively large scale food and agriculture production efficiency.Thirdly,the agricultural productive service policy has reduced the production efficiency of food and agriculture in the main grain producing areas.Fourthly,from the land of farmland changing market and service market development interaction,agricultural productive service policy may have a distorting effect of farmland changing market development,mainly for agricultural productive service policy will promote the scale of enterprises into the land,so as to change the land circulation market supply and demand,promote the land circulation rising rents.Furthermore,the increase of land transfer rent will increase the agricultural production cost,resulting in the decline of the overall agricultural production efficiency.This may also explain the negative impact of agricultural productive services policies on the production efficiency of food and agriculture in large-scale households using rent as a means.