Analysis Of The Impact Of Rice Production Outsourcing Services On Farmers’ Income In Jiangsu Province

Under the background of the gradual enhancement of the adsorption effect of nonagricultural employment,the loss of agricultural labor,and the structural imbalance of rural left-behind labor,China’s agricultural production is facing the dilemma of "who will farm the land and how to cultivate the land".In order to solve the above agricultural development problems,relevant departments pointed out that it is necessary to vigorously develop diversified,multi-level and multi-type agricultural production services,making it a new path to drive agricultural development,and agricultural production outsourcing services are considered to balance the relationship between farmers’ agricultural production and nonagricultural employment,alleviate the structural shortage of agricultural production labor,and integrate agriculture.As "rational economic people",farmers are the main body of agricultural production,and whether they can increase household income by participating in outsourcing services in agricultural production links is the key to developing outsourcing services in agricultural production links.This study first uses the theory of division of labor,the theory of production factors,the theory of transaction costs and the theory of farmer behavior to clarify how farmers’ participation in outsourcing services in agricultural production affects farmers’ income.Secondly,the basic situation of rice production and the development status of rice production outsourcing services in Jiangsu Province were analyzed and summarized.Finally,using the2020 China Land Economic Survey(CLES)data,894 rice farmers in Jiangsu Province were empirically analyzed,and the income increase effect of rice farmers participating in outsourcing services in agricultural production was tested by using the propensity score matching model(PSM),and the following conclusions were obtained:(1)The overall development trend of rice planting outsourcing services in Jiangsu Province is good,and the participation rate of farmers is relatively high,but there are still problems such as single participation links and uneven participation rates of each link.(2)Farmers’ participation in outsourcing services in agricultural production can effectively increase their agricultural income and non-agricultural income,of which agricultural income increased by 48.19% and non-agricultural income increased by 22.57%.The mechanism analysis results show that on the one hand,the outsourcing service of agricultural production can improve the average yield of agricultural production per mu and increase the agricultural income of farmers through the effect of technological progress and scale operation.On the other hand,through the labor release effect,the proportion of non-farm employment of household labor can be increased,and the non-farm income of rural households can be increased.(3)From the perspective of heterogeneity of agricultural production links,farmers’ participation in outsourcing services in seedling breeding and pesticide spraying has a significant role in promoting farmers’ agricultural income;The outsourcing of planting,pesticide spraying and harvesting links has a more significant effect on the non-agricultural income of farmers.(4)The difference of farmers’ groups will affect the income increase effect of outsourcing services in agricultural production.On the one hand,outsourcing services in agricultural production have a higher agricultural income increase effect on farmers with large operating scale or large number of household labor.On the other hand,outsourcing services in agricultural production have a higher non-agricultural income increase effect on farmers with small operating scale or small household labor force.Based on the above analysis and research conclusions,this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions from the perspectives of improving the construction of outsourcing service system,strengthening the service supply quality of agricultural outsourcing organizations,and improving the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in outsourcing services in the production process.