Agricultural Land Confirmation And Outsourcing Of Agricultural Production Links

Under the background of new urbanization,the rural young and middle-aged labor force continues to shift to urban and non-agricultural industries,the agricultural labor force have reduced,the aging and weakening trend of the agricultural labor force is strengthened,and the labor cost of agricultural production is rising,making “how to plant land” become a problem for agriculture.The outstanding problems of production have brought enormous challenges to the process of China's agricultural modernization.At the same time,the land lease market is lagging behind,the development of land scale operation is lower than expected,and the small-scale and fragmented management pattern has not yet undergone fundamental changes,so promoting the development of agricultural service scale operation is very important for transforming agricultural production methods and accelerating the realization of China's agricultural modernization.It plays an important role in safeguarding national food security and realizing rural revitalization.The development of outsourcing services in agricultural production links not only helps to promote the application of advanced agricultural production techniques and equipment,but also improves labor production efficiency,and help to alleviates the labor shortage problem faced by agricultural management entities,and broadens the income channels of agricultural service providers,and improve agricultural machinery usage rates.Therefore,it is necessary to vigorously develop outsourcing services in agricultural production links and improve the agricultural socialization service system.Beginning in 2013,the confirmation of farmland rights has been promoted step by step in an all-round way throughout the country.Based on the description of the household survey data,the study found that: First,after the farmer's family farmland was confirmed,the proportion of outsourcing the labor-intensive production of rice was significantly reduced.Second,under the trending of rising labor cost prompted the machinery to gradually replacing manpower,some farmers still choose to hire manual labor in the outsourcing of labor-intensive production in rice.Third,although farmers who already own agricultural machinery participate in the supply of agricultural machinery services can help increase household income,but the proportion of service supply is not high.For these problems,relevant research has not given a little attention,and it is difficult to find satisfactory answers from the existing literature.Based on the theoretical analysis,this study uses the survey data of 1998 rice growers in Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces to resolve these problems,and the study show that:.First,the confirmation of farmland has a significant negative impact on the outsourcing behavior of farmers through agricultural machinery investment in the labor-intensive production of rice.Farmland confirmation does not have a significant direct effect on the outsourcing of labor-intensive production links,but instead stimulates farmers who rent in farmland to invest in agricultural machinery,thereby replacing or reducing its demand for outsourcing services in the production chain.The key of farmers who rent in farmland to investing in agricultural machinery is whether the expectation of operating rights of the transferred land are stable,and the more stable the expectation of operating rights,the greater the probability of investing in agricultural machinery.Otherwise,the agricultural machinery will be abandoned due to the higher asset specificity of agricultural machinery,and buy the agricultural social services.Farmer household who rent in farmland will have stronger incentives for investing in agricultural machinery if the farmland has been confirmed,because the farmland operation rights is expected to be more stable.Different from the existing research to ignore the differences in the characteristics of different production links,this study combines the characteristics of different production links to give a more reasonable explanation for the relationship between the scale of operation and the outsourcing behavior of labor-intensive production links.From the perspective of agricultural machinery investment,the scale of operation has a significant role in promoting the investment in land preparation machinery,and has a significant “U-shaped” impact on investment in harvesting machinery.From the point of view of outsourcing,the scale of operation has a significant “U-shaped” impact on the outsourcing behavior of the land preparation,and there is a significant “inverted U-shaped” relationship to the outsourcing behavior of the harvesting link.It indicates that when the scale of operation is large and the certain zero point is crossed,the possibility of outsourcing the land preparation by rice farmers will increase,and the possibility of outsourcing the harvesting link will decrease,indicating that rice farmers with large scale of operation have agricultural machinery in labor-intensive production.Investment and production links outsourcing substitution and complementarity coexist.In addition,household income significantly positively affects the outsourcing behavior of land preparation and harvesting.The number of household farmers and the price of harvester services have a significant negative impact on the outsourcing behavior of harvesting.The cost of employment has a significant positive impact on the outsourcing behavior of land preparation.The degree of land fragmentation is Land preparation and harvesting outsourcing have significant negative impacts.Second,the scale of operation and topographical conditions has a significant positive impact on the choice of outsourcing methods for rice-intensive production.The larger the paddy field area and the mountainous and hilly terrain,the greater the possibility that rice farmers choose to hire labor in the labor-intensive outsourcing,and the interaction between paddy field area and terrain also has significant positive impact on the labor-intensive outsourcing behavior of rice.Before the agricultural machinery service provider has begun to provide agricultural machinery services,some of the operations are large,and the rice farmers who started agricultural production earlier will promote the family agricultural production process by hiring artificial means;especially in the harvesting stage,after the rice is matured The earlier the harvesting time,the more likely it is to avoid the losses caused by natural risks.Therefore,the large-scale rice farmers have more urgent demand for the employment of the harvesting department than the land preparation.Relative to plain terrain,the use of agricultural machinery in mountainous and hilly areas is limited,resulting in increased use of agricultural machinery,which increases the probability of rice farmers choosing to hire labor.After the study included the farmland confirmation weight variable into the model,it was found that the farmland confirmation right had a significant positive impact on the selection of the outsourcing method.The confirmation of farmland rights reduces the degree of information asymmetry between the supply and demand sides of agricultural socialization services on the land parcels,improves the accuracy of measurement of manual operation results,helps to restrain the lazy tendency of artificial service providers,eases the supervision of employers,and promotes rice.Farmers are more likely to choose to hire labor in the harvesting process.The fine shredding of paddy fields has a significant positive impact on the selection of artificial labor patterns for rice farmers in the land preparation and harvesting stages.The cost of hiring harvesting machinery has a significant positive impact on the selection of outsourcing methods for harvesting.The higher the use cost of harvesting machinery services,the more rice farmers choose to hire labor.Third,the confirmation of farmland rights has a positive impact on the participation of agricultural machinery households in the supply of agricultural machinery services,but it has not passed the significant test and the results are stable.The reason is that in the context of rural acquaintance society,the supply and demand sides of agricultural machinery service are repeated game relations,inhibiting the opportunistic behavior of the demand side of agricultural machinery services,so that the asymmetry of the land information is low,so the farmers participate in the agricultural machinery service.Supply did not have a significant impact.From the perspective of business scale,the paddy field area has a significant “inverted U-shaped” relationship with the farmer households participating in the supply of mechanical services for land preparation and harvesting.Under the condition that the scale of operation does not match the capacity of agricultural machinery,the scale of operation increases,and the possibility of agricultural machinery households participating in the supply of agricultural machinery services is increased.When the scale of operation exceeds the critical point,the larger the scale,the agricultural machinery is mainly used to meet the family agricultural production,and the time for providing agricultural machinery services to other farmers is reduced,resulting in a lower probability of agricultural machinery households participating in the supply of agricultural machinery services.In addition,the number of household agricultural laborers and the price of mechanical services have a significant positive impact on the supply of agricultural machinery households to the outsourcing service of the harvesting sector,while the proportion of the agricultural labor force has a significant positive impact on the agricultural machinery households participating in the land preparation and harvesting agricultural machinery service supply.The degree of fragmentation of village land has a significant negative impact on the participation of agricultural machinery households in the land preparation and harvesting of agricultural machinery services.Compared with the villages where the village is located in the mountains,farmers in the plains are more willing to participate in the supply of agricultural machinery services in labor-intensive sectors.Therefore,based on the improvement of the level of agricultural socialization service development,we should make good use of the results of farmland confirmation,strengthen the stability expectation of the transfer rights of agricultural land transfer parties,encourage them to invest in agricultural machinery.In order to improve the availability of agricultural machinery socialization services,government should support farmers who own agricultural machinery to actively participate in the supply of agricultural machinery services,and give full play to the decisive role of market allocation of resources,promote orderly competition in the agricultural socialization service market,and prevent unreasonable rise in the price of agricultural socialization services in areas where agricultural socialization services are less available;Increase investment in agricultural infrastructure,ease the problem of fragmentation of agricultural land,and promote the development of agricultural social services.