A Study On The Generation And Operational Efficiency Of Family Farms From The Perspective Of New Institutional Economics

With the large transfer of rural labor force,agricultural being "marginalized" tendency is more and more serious,the problem that"who farming,how to farm" has become an urgent issue.Therefore,it is formally pointed out that "where conditions permit the development of professional major,family farms,farmers professional cooperatives and other scale business entities " for the first time in the third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee.In 2013 the central document had further established the family farms as an important form for new agricultural business entities,and looked forward to the entity achieving agricultural efficiency and farmers' income and grain security in target through the land transfer to the appropriate scale of operation.So how to generate the family farm,what are the constraints,what about the operation efficiency,and how can meet the anticipated goal?In this paper,these issuses will be responded through the theoretical and empirical analysis.The paper uses the theoretical framework of new institutional economics and survey data of family farm in Henan Province,combined with the method of questionnaire investigation,statistical analysis,comparative analysis and econometric model,to analyze the influence factors of generation and running the family farm through the theoretical and empirical analysis based on existing research results.First of all,the internal and external causes and constraints of China's family farm production are analyzed from the perspective of transaction cost;secondly,construct an empirical model of influencing farmers' choice of scale management of farmland,in-depth analysis of the impact of asset specificity,transaction frequency and uncertainty factors on the family farm produce.Then again,it comprehensive uses the contract theory,property rights theory and transaction cost theory to analyze the principle and influencing factors of family farm generation contract concluded and construct the empirical model of specific contract forms farmers chosen.Finally,it uses the DEA analysis method to measure the efficiency of different types of family farms;finally,the operating efficiency of family farms measured by DEA model is the response variable,combining the Tobit model and the general linear regression model,the factors influencing the operation efficiency and benefit of family farms are analyzed from the viewpoint of institutional structure.Through the research,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The pursuit of economic interests of farmers and other contractual relationships is the main cause of formation of the family farm,and the mainstream ideas of reform and government oriented policies,changes in factor endowment conditions and system environment is the external factors of family farm production.(2)The heterogeneity and dispersion of individual farmers increase the cost of negotiation of the contract;the definition of farmland rights is indeed the property right of farmers to farmland but also increase the land rent;"property division" complicated contractual relationship of farmland property rights,increases the transaction cost of farmland transfer;path dependence problems of farmers to adapt to the new system,enhance the family farm implement the friction cost,learning cost and opportunity cost;and farmers' employment and social security and other related system is not perfect,and farmers' employment and social security and other related system is not perfect,lead to expected return farmland's carrying too much,also pushed up land rent.(3)The specificity of social assets and site assets have the most prominent influence on the choice of farmer's scale management;the specificity of human assets verified that the family farm is a threshold,not any farmer can be competent,family farm and other new agricultural business subjects are more suitable for young,new farmers dare to venture.(4)The more closely the relationship between the parties,the lower the transaction cost of the farmland transfer,but the simplification of the contractual governance form,which result in unable to form a stable and effective contract;the quota contract and the contract of cooperation will cause deadweight loss,and when intermediaries provide effective services for the parties,the farm operators are more willing to choose to adopt the contract of cooperation;when the opportunity cost of farming,interest and prestige of the household-headed farming is higher,the farm operators are more willing to conclude formal written contracts.(5)The operation efficiency of the four types of family farms is relatively low,the average value of comprehensive efficiency is less than 0.6,and there is more serious waste of resources and loss of efficiency.(6)Small scale of land also can reach a higher level of efficiency,create the higher value.Does not exist a universal standard of scale of the family farm,in almost every size range is located in the production frontier family farm.Relatively,food family farms have an efficient advantage of scale between 5-6 ha;fruit and vegetable family farm is between 2.67?3.33 ha;breeding family farm is in the size of 0.13-0.32 ha,whereas the range of breeding and planting family farm with the effective scale is located between the scale value of 50-60.(7)The instability of land tenure relationship has a significant negative impact on the operation efficiency and operating earnings of the family farms.Establish and maintain good relationship with agricultural supplies has a significant role in promoting the efficiency and benefit of family farms.Agricultural subsidies have a negative impact on the efficiency of the family farms,but increased operational earnings.Increasing agricultural infrastructure investment plays an important role in the development of the family farm;agricultural technology training only has a remakbale positive effect on the scale breeding farms.The role of farmer professional cooperatives in the development of family farms is not obvious,and only the scale breeding farms play a good role.The internal management level of family farms has a remarkable effect on the efficiency of all types of family farms,and the supervision and management of government departments can only play a significant positive impact on the scale breeding farms.Based on the above conclusions,combined with the actual situation of the development of family farms in China,this study makes the following recommendations:accelerating the institutionalization of family farm;promoting family farms and institutional environment compatibility;reducing the cost of contracts through government arrangement;reducing the adaptability cost by improving farmer's learning ability;improving the government support effect by perfecting the supporting measures;promote the development of family farms joint and cooperation.