| The topic about transformation of scientific and technological achievements in scientific research institutes (this paper refers to those financially supported by governments , also including universities) get paid more attention by the society ,focusing on the conversion efficiency and conversion process, or the role of market intermediaries, while ignoring the influence of large system; or only emphasizing the start-ups and collaborative research and innovation, while ignoring the role and position of research institutions; or sticking to specific methods of operation and transformation process, while ignoring the mechanism and intrinsic motivation.The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the market behavior, which should follow the market mechanism. So the market mechanism of transformation ofscientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions is a basic problem, but also the core problem need to be studied carefully.It was paid less attention in the past time and lacked deep study which resulted in some misunderstanding of concept, theory, and policy, and the position and function of scientific research institutions in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is unclear. So it is difficult to give full play to the positive role of scientific research institutions in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, promoting the integration of science and technology and economy.This paper begins with analyzing the role of scientific research institutions in the market transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and then studies the market mechanism, revealing its characteristics and laws. The scientific research institution is public sector which provides public products for the society. It becomes dual role when involved in transforming of scientific and technological achievements as market entity, which makes the market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions different from general market mechanism as follows:1. The scientific research institution establishes an institute as market intermediary responsible for dealing.2. The market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions, such as supply and demand,competition, price, keeps balance between profiting and public interests.3. License is the major form for the transformation of scientific and techno logical achievements of scientific research institutions, and the royalty rate is the special mechanism for it.The market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions fails because of imperfect competition, Information asymmetry, especially role imbalance. These failures can be resolved through scientific and technological personnel entrepreneurship,enterprise-university-research institute cooperation, conflicts of interest regulation,but these relationships should be clarified.It is a historical process to form and knowledge the market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions. This paper chooses two cases, Stanford University and Chinese Academy of Sciences, which manifest different ways in exploding the market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions from history point view.The People's Republic of China government made a series of polices on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions. This paper analyzes the changing course of relevant policies, and puts forward some opinions and suggestions on how to promote the market mechanism of transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the scientific research institutions in the new period. |
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