Research On Mechanisms And Effects Of Transport On Location Value And Environment In Urban Area

The interactive relationship between land use and transportation in urban spatial structure, as well as the environmental issues derived from the relationship has become the focus of modern urban economics research. Under the strategy of new urbanization,improving the comprehensive operation efficiency of urban system, boosting a new type of “people-oriented” urbanization and sustainable urban development has become the core goal and direction of urban development. It is of great importance and value both in the aspect of theory and practice to understand the dynamic interaction among urban land use, transportation and environment from the overall perspective, and grasp the microeconomic mechanism and market rules of the connection among the three elements.On the basis of international cutting-edge researches in the field of urban economics, this thesis theoretically analyzes the crucial microscopic mechanism in the urban spatial integration of land use, transportation and environment. Using multidimensional data of time and space in the urban space of Beijing, this dissertation measures “road path congestion” and “subway network accessibility” in different locations, analyzes the influencing mechanism and effects of urban land-use spatial pattern on them, and discusses the correlation of the two types of transportation. Based on the urban spatial database of Beijing, applying a variety of econometric empirical analysis strategies, this thesis quantitatively investigates the impact of road congestion and subway network accessibility on location value, and quantitatively identifies the impacts of road congestion and the subway supply on environment.The empirical findings of this dissertation include:(1) Commute and non-commute traffic flows resulted from the urban land-use spatial pattern do trigger road congestion.The non-commute traffic flows are represented by driving kids to and from school.Road congestion would be significantly alleviated after the new subway lines being put into operation.(2) Every 10% increase in the commute time resulted from road congestion would lead to a decrease of location value by approximately 2% compared with the baseline location. The radius of the influence of subway stations is about 1000 meters. Around the stations of newly-opened subway line, the direct capitalization ofsubway network accessibility in housing price is approximately 5 to 7 times as much as the indirect capitalization. Calculated by either the road congestion or the subway network, the value of commute times is around half of the wage rate, which is consistent with related theories.(3) Both the commute traffic flows and non-commute traffic flows represented by driving kids to and from school, have contributed to urban air pollution and carbon emissions. Every 10% increase in commuting distance would lead to another1% of carbon emissions. The carbon emissions of households who own a private car and drive kids to and from school is almost 1.2 times as much as the carbon emissions of other households. Furthermore, the supply of subway can encourage households' green travel behavior by significantly reducing their probability of purchasing motor vehicles, but has little impact on the usage of car owners.On the basis of the theoretical and empirical conclusions, this dissertation provides three main policy implications:(1) the inner operation rules of urban spatial structure should be systematically grasped to effectively promote the optimization of urban spatial structure from the overall perspective;(2) the loss effect of location value(“local” negative externalities) and environmental quality(“global” negative externalities) caused by road congestions must be generally controlled, and relevant regulations and policies should be formulated and adjusted scientifically;(3) It is important to generally grasping the city subway's contribution to the location value and environmental quality, to reasonably evaluate the social benefit of metro construction investment, to scientically design the subway network spatial layout and mechanism related to the coordinated development of road traffic.