Policy Research On Coordinated Application Of Carbon Tax And Carbon Emission Trading In China's New Normal

In China's New Normal,the development of Chinese economy is facing to the quality of efficiency,intensive growth,green sustainable change,deepening the economic reform and promote the economic transformation.It puts forward higher requirements for carbon reduction work.In addition to give full play to the effect of carbon reduction,to reduce the pressure on resources and environment,carbon reduction work also needs to balance economic development speed,better plays to its economic structure adjustment,innovation driven and letting the market decide the allocation of resources.The current classification standards and methods for environmental policy are many,but most of the classification contains administrative instruction and market-based instruments,the environmental policy of carbon reduction as well.For a long time,our country's carbon reduction policy is given priority to the administrative instruction,the market-oriented policy is auxiliary.When the administrative instruction has been unable to meet the economic new normal carbon reduction requirements,the carbon tax and carbon emission trading should play to promote the change of government function,to upgrade the industrial structure,to promote the coordinated development of regional economy and the effect of the policy of enterprise innovation,etc.However,due to the carbon tax and carbon emission trading have differences between each other and interact with each other,combined with C hina's regional economic base,industrial structure,resources endowment and other significant differences,how to coordinate the carbon tax and carbon emission trading becomes carbon reduction policy's direction.At present,the research of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading has some shortcomings.Firstly,the comparative study of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading follows the perspective of economic theory,the study of system designation and operation effectiveness research is lack.And the research angle of view is narrow,it isn't considering the carbon tax and carbon emission trading policy selection and application,interdependence and mutual restriction between the government and the enterprise social relations;Secondly,the study of how to choose the carbon tax and carbon emission trading is simple and hasn't further research on how to exert the strengths of the carbon tax and the carbon emission trading to coordinate with eacher;Thirdly,few scholars have no further analysis on how to coordinate the relationship between the carbon tax and carbon emission trading;Finally,the policy designation of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading is all under a single policy choice,the premise of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading policy is to draw lessons from foreign scholars' research to analyse the social and economic effects.In the view of the insufficient research of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading on comparison and choice,this paper firstly analyzes the carbon tax and carbon emission trading policy based on the government and the enterprise aspects.Secondly,based on the policies' historical evolution,the effect of carbon tax policies and carbon emission trading,the paper finds the limits of presented research;Thirdly,the pafer analyzes our country's carbon dioxide emission from the industry and regional characteristics,combined with the requirements of the New Normal on the strategic development of industry and region to find out the key control industry area to put basis for the designation of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading policy;Finally,by combining normative research and empirical research method,the paper designs how to coordinate the application of carbon tax and carbon emission trading on specific policy,and accordingly puts forward the carbon tax and carbon emission trading system arrangement in specific implementation process.The article's main conclusion,innovation points and deficiencies are as follows:Firstly,on the new meaning of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading,this paper wants to better serve the economic structural adjustment and innovation drive n and to let the market decide the allocation of resources,to find out the market-oriented carbon reduction tools such as carbon tax and carbon emission trading on the New Normal: to realize the transformation of government functions,to realize the industrial structure to the level of high-end transformation,to form the new pattern of coordinated development of regional economic and to strengthen the enterprise-orented innovation development.Secondly,through the analysis of chapter 4,both of carbon tax and carbon emission trading have advantages and disadvantages on carbon reduction.The tool of the carbon tax and carbon emission has the differences between each other and interacts with each other.The cost of the carbon tax is relatively low,it can wide applicable range,to be accepted easily,provide enterprises with a predictable business environment and it is fair to enterprises competition.However,the defects of carbon tax is relatively obvious,example,the high cost of policy making,in the case of inadequate access to information,sometimes produces new distortion rate of deviation,and is unfavorable to the development of international trade and investment.In addition,the carbon tax incentive for enterprises can adopt low-carbon technologies.Compared with carbon tax,although the implementation cost of carbon emission trading is higher,it can narrow the scope of enterprises and it is not easy to measure,the local protectionism effect is stronger,but it has comparative advantage in the respect of operation cost,it is easy to be accepted by enterprises and the social public,and it can promote the development of international trade and investment for our country.Thirdly,chapter 5,the paper uses history materials to analyze the historical evolution of carbon tax and carbon emission trading,it finds that the purpose of the pollution charge system and emission trading is to make the enterprise pollution emission of marginal cost to equal the marginal revenue,and to encourage the upgrade of technological innovation and to reduce environmental pollution.However,through the concrete practice,we find that the pollution charge system and tradable permits for the implementation of carbon tax and carbon emission trading has played a good role in promoting,but pollution charge system often becomes the important means of local government revenues,the business and personal carbon fee system has not been implemented.The emission trading mainly concentrates in the main gas SO2 control of acid rain.The carbon emission trading of the seven provinces and cities such as Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai is fraught with difficulty and has not been achieved expected effect on carbon reduction.Finally,chapter 7,based on the economic background of industry and regional economic development strategy in the New Normal and carbon emission of industry and region,the paper puts forward specific policy ideas.Througe the empirical analysis of the characteristics of carbon emission,we find that the seven biggest increase in emission and industrial subdivision industries are Electric power,supply industry and heat production,O il processing,coking and nuclear fuel processing industry,Ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,C hemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing ind ustry,Non-metallic mineral industry,Coal mining and dressing industry and Non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry.Combined with economic new normal for the strategic development requirements of the industry,the paper adjusts the industrial subdivision industry to nine,joining the Paper and paper products,Textile industry.In the empirical analysis of the characteristics of regional carbon emission,we find that the three northeastern provinces,the western region,the eastern region of Hebei,Shandong and the central region of Shanxi carbon dioxide emission intensity is larger and they should be controlled as the key objects.Combined with economic new normal requirements of industry and regional economic development strategy,according to the various regions in terms of environmental improvement principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities",we design the application of carbon tax and carbon emission trading coordinately and supplement by relevant supporting policies to ensure its implementation smoothly.Innovation of the paper may include :(1)The background of the new normal and adjustment of industrial structure and the breakthrough points of regional economic development and enterprise innovation makes the designation of the coordination of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading more timely and practical guiding significance.(2)In the historical evolution of carding,as the form of the development of emission trading system,the paper divides into three periods of the evolution of carbon tax and carbon emission trading to make a comprehensive summarization system.(3)This paper breaks through the usual comparative study of the carbon tax and carbon emission trading which only for different eco nomic development stage or different industries to case studies to give priority to the limitations of empirical research.Then,the paper uses LMDI decomposition method and the KAYA identities to decompose effect of CO2 emission.Combining economic new no rmal for regional economic development strategy requirement,the paper changes the traditional method of the division of three regions,using the three northeastern provinces,eastern region,middle region and west region method to analyze the regional cha racteristics of carbon dioxide emission;In the area designaton,the paper uses the form of carbon tax and carbon tax subsidies for eastern and central regions suitable for the northeast three provinces and carbon dioxide emission in the western area of cost,uses the form of supplementary carbon tax on the northeast three provinces,in the western region and the eastern region and central second big province s.Inadequacies and further research in this paper :(1)Due to the carbon tax and carbon emission trading have not been widespread implementation in our country,it is difficult to design the coorperation of the carbon tax and carbon emission from the the micro angle.(2)This article attempts to mainly market-oriented low carbon tool.The integrated use of both market-oriented and non-market type of carbon reduction tools requires further study.