Game Theory Method For Real-time Pricing Decision In Smart Grid

From the perspective of system science,power grid system is a typical multi-level complex giant system,is also a complex information system consist of electricity generators,transmission company,power distributor,power suppliers,end users and other market main body.Smart grid is the informationzation and intelligentialization of power grid system.As one of the basic characteristics of smart grid,demand response can be used to reschedule the power consumption of users and reduce the expense of electricity production and operation,the demand response mechanism based on price can effectively alleviate the imbalance between power supply and demand.The electricity pricing method has its own inherent characteristics,good pricing mechanism requires the users to flexibly adjust the time and amount of power consumption for achieving a reduction in cost according to the operation state of the power system and users' power demand.From the perspective of society,it also can effectively ease the power supply and demand imbalance,reduce carbon emissions,and increase the comprehensive benefit of society.Different from traditional power product pricing,the dynamic pricing mechanism is not only pay attention to the interaction behaviors between power suppliers and each user,but also focus on the aggregate load of the users through the deployment of communication technologies that allow the users to coordinate their energy usage.So the most ideal price mechanism should be real-time pricing.In recent years real-time pricing is a research topic in the background of smart grid.Real-time pricing will become the first choice of the price mechanism in power industry when smart grid comes in full realization in the near future.An important research direction of real-time pricing is to consider the market pricing mechanism from the perspective of open power market,which is solved by game theory.This paper mainly use game methods to establish multiple game model among the main body of same layer or different layer in power supply to study real-time pricing strategy based on demand response in smart grid for the electricity retailers and different types of users in retail electricity mark.The main innovation of this paper is as follows:First of all,multiple power retailers compete and cooperate in the same region,so dynamic non-cooperative game model and cooperative game model is established to carry out real-time pricing strategy research.Secondly,according to the competition between the electricity retailers and wholesalers and action sequence,two different dynamic game models is created by combining with the competition between retailers,and the backward induction method is used to calculate the equilibrium price.Thirdly,considering different types of users coexisted in the real word,we model the interactive behaviors between the retailers purchasing different types of power resource with different types of users to a five stage dynamic Stackelberg game model while combinating different power resources,so the real-time pricing strategy is researched to overcome previous limitations only in view of the single type of user and single type of power source.After that,we establish the short-term real-time pricing bargaining game model between the power retailers and big users by using Robinstein's bargaining thought in smart grid.We study the real-time bilateral contract bargaining process between the power retailers and big users while the contract power is determined and price is uncertain.The short-term real-time pricing strategy is obtained by solving and analyzing the model.Finally,taking into account different types of users and different power retailers,we construct Stackelberg game model to study real-time pricing strategy for the price and power demand behaviors of multiple power retailers and multiple users based on such a complex system.We design a distributed algorithm to solve the model considering the privacy of power retailers and users.Overall,we study the real-time pricing strategy in smart grid appliing game theory in this paper.These methods can achieve balance of supply and demand in the retail power market,cut the peak of power consumption and fill the valley.Compared with the fixed pricing,the real-time pricing strategy can reduce the power load and power price,so as to ensure the electricity retailers can get more benefit and users get better satisfaction.The designed distributed algorithm has better convergence speed and practicability,thus it may have a certain guiding value and practical significance to healthy development of the power market making a thorough reform and the construction of smart grid in China.