| In recent years,earthquake disasters occur frequently around the world,which has a serious impact on social and economic development and people's production and life.It also poses new challenges to disaster emergency management.The fundamental purpose of emergency rescue after disasters is to minimize the casualties and social and economic losses in the disaster areas.In the r escue process,material rescue is the key to meet the demand of victims and recovery and development of the disaster-stricken areas.Scientific and efficient emergency material allocation scheme helps to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue,inappropriate allocation scheme and decision-making may even lead to secondary injuries,resulting in more serious casualties and property losses in disaster areas.Therefore,how to carry out the emergency material distribution work scientifically,reasonably and efficiently after the earthquake disaster is an important research problem in the field of emergency management.However,the existing emergency material allocation research mainly focuses on the single-period allocation of emergency materials,ignoring the fact that the actual emergency relief material allocation is a continuous multi-period process,and less considering the dynamic changes of emergency supplies and demand between different emergency periods.In terms of the goal of material allocation optimization,the existing research mostly aims at the single factor of efficiency or fairness,and ignores the fact that the actual decision-making of large-scale disaster emergency materials allocation needs to consider both efficiency and fairness comp rehensively.Meanwhile,most of the studies based on complete disaster information,and the impact of uncertain random information such as fuzzy random information and road network damage on the distribution of materials in the actual emergency rescue environment is not considered enough.Finally,the allocation scheme formed under the principle of territorial management is prone to high cost and low efficiency,and the research results cannot be effectively converted and applied.Based on this,this paper proposes a multi-period allocation strategy based on the periodicity of material demand and the periodicity of material collection and allocation,and comprehensively considers the dynamic changes of material supply and demand between different periods.This study takes “multi-period allocation optimization of emergency materials for earthquake disasters” as the research goal,based on the theories such as the emergency resource management theory,emergency period division theory and emergency material allocation theory,applies the multiple research methods such as multi-objective optimization,fuzzy programming,stochastic programming,linear approximation and intelligent optimization algorithm.Then the multi-period allocation optimization model under deterministic supply and demand information and uncertain disaster information are constructed respectively,and the adaptability and its effective ways of multi-period allocation optimization are analyzed in order to achieve the optimal allocation of materials.The main research contents are as follows:Firstly,in the multi-period allocation optimization of emergency materials based on deterministic supply and demand information,aiming at the shortcomings of existing models,which pay more attention to efficiency but ignore fairness,an optimization model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials is proposed,which takes both efficiency and fairness into account.On the basis of complete disaster information and according to the different topological structure of material distribution network,two kinds of models are constructed.By introducing the exponential utility function,the disutility loss of material shortafalls is used to quantify the fairness,and the dynamic change characteristics of demand for different emergency materials in different periods are considered.Aiming at the disutility loss and the total cost of material allocation,an optimization model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials based on the secondary node network of rescue point and disaster point is constructed.In addition,considering considering the limited materials in post-disaster distribution centers and the need for timely supply of material collection points.Aiming at minimizing the disutility loss of material shortfalls and the total costs,an optimization model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials based on three-level node network of collection point,distribution center and disaster point is constructed,which is conducive to promoting both efficiency and fairness in material allocation.Secondly,in the multi-period allocation optimization of emergency materials based on uncertain disaster information,an optimization model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials suitable for actual disaster relief situation is proposed in view of the sudden occurrence of earthquakes,incompleteness of information acquisition,urgency of rescue needs and the impact of secondary disasters.In view of the fact that the supply,demand and road maximum transportation of emergency materials during the emergency response period can not be accurately obtained due to the unpredictability of disasters,an optimization model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials based on fuzzy supply and demand information is proposed,which can realize the multi-period optimization allocation of emergency materials when the supply and demand information is interval value or fuzzy value.Moreover,aiming at the situation that the road network is damaged and in urgent need of repairing after the disaster,a risk measurement method of multi-period emergency material allocation and route repair is proposed.On this basis,an optimization model of multi-period allocation for materials based on stochastic fuzzy information and road network restoration is constructed to minimize the total allocation time,total allocation cost and overall path risk,which can make up for the shortage of previous material allocation schemes that are divorced from the actual situation information of disasters.Thirdly,in the analysis of the effectiveness of the multi-period allocation optimization model for emergency materials and the exploration of the promotion path,the following two problems are mainly solved: First,the deprivation cost is introduced to construct the social total cost model of multi-period allocation of emergency materials,and a method of measuring the multi-period allocation fairness of emergency materials based on Gini coefficient is proposed.Then,the validity of the model is verified by comparing the multi-period and single-period allocation models,analyzing the effects of proposed model on improving allocation efficiency and achieving allocation fairness.Second,in view of the cross-border characteristics of large-scale earthquake disasters and the shortcomings of high cost and efficiency in material allocation under the principle of territorial management,this paper puts forward the optimization promotion path of multi-period allocation model of emergency materials based on regional self-rescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue,which is conducive to achieving the optimal effect of multi-period emergency rescue and maximizing the efficiency of rescue.This paper introduces the multi-period allocation strategy to the construct the systematic multi-period allocation optimization models of emergency materials,the key problems of the optimization of emergency material allocation are analyzed and studied.The aim is to solve the weak problems in the decision-making process of the optimization of emergency material allocation at present.It is hoped that it can provide new ideas for realizing the scientific,efficient and equitable multi-period allocation and improving the overall effect of multi-period allocation of emergency materials in earthquake disaster,and provide theoretical and decision-making reference for government emergency management departments in emergency material management decision-making. |
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