| Through the long history,there is close relationship between population quantity,social economy and ecological environment.population growth,economic and social development must base on the carrying capacity of ecological environment.Since the 1970s,global ecology was overloaded,especially in China.Such forms of ecological overspending include deforestation,drought,lack of fresh water,and increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.Generally speaking,ecological carrying capacity of the earth is limited and relatively constant.Even with the careful management,growth of ecological capacity is also limited.Economic scale and ecological carrying capacity should adapt to each other.In the long term,it is difficult to continue economic development over ecological and environmental capacity.Therefore,the first real problem of ecological civilization development is how to improve human welfare with limited ecological carrying capacity,and sustain fast-growing economy.In 2010,the concept of ecological products was first put forward in plan of priority zone of China issued by the State Council which pointed out that the contrast between increased supply ability of industrial products and decreased supply ability of ecological products,and emphasize on increasing supplement of ecological products with the improvement of living standards.Because of the contradiction between economic development,upturn-living standards and deterioration of ecological environment,the future goal of government management is to carry out great ecological restoration projects and enhance production capacity of ecological products.If the series of guidance documents to implement only stay at the technical level,it can not fundamentally solve the problem with improvement of ecological carrying capacity and increase of production capacity of ecological products,but increase the financial burden of our country,even difficult to achieve long-term mechanism of ecological product supply.Therefore,there is an important and pressing task with realistic meaning to ensure supply of ecological products with effective institutional design and arrangement.In this,this paper focuses on supply of ecological product with the logical basis of what,why and how to supply.Based on the supply system as the research object,in this paper,using methods of economic analysis,the author analyses the supply behavior of main body of ecological products supply under different policy environment and construct supply system of ecological suitable for current economic development stage.On the above problems,this paper mainly studies the following details:The first chapter is about related basic theory of ecological products,whose connotation,characteristics,classification and value are included.Based on supply of ecological product,concepts comparison between ecosystem services and ecosystem functions is discussed to prepare for the further study.The second chapter is about necessity analysis on ecological products supply from the five needs of construction of ecological civilization,ecological security,high level of human life quality,ecosystem balance and sustainable development of economy and society.Meanwhile,difficulties of ecological product supply are studied from the strong externality,value-accounting difficulties,and unclear ownership of x-related ecological products under state system.The third chapter is about game analysis on main body behavior of ecological products supply,and focus is strategy selection under all kinds of policy environment from the theory of ecological product supply.In this chapter,behavior characteristics of main body of ecological products supply is mentioned and then are static and dynamic game theory analysis on possible behavior strategies of three main bodies-government,enterprise and individual under hypothesis of "economic man" and the possible supply situation,for purpose of providing a theoretical basis for the later supply system construction.The forth chapter is about supply modes.Based on two kinds of supply mechanism-government and market,ecological product supply modes consist of government,individual,non-profit organization.Among them,government is the core of ecological supply,as either producer or provider can realize ecological products supply not only in market supply mechanism but also government supply mechanism.Individuals here are a collective concept,and it mainly refers to organizations or individuals for ecological production or products providing only in the market mechanism.Non-profit organizations are independent and the third main supplier.Characteristics of nonprofit and voluntary provision are special in ecological products supply,which will be studied separately in future.In this chapter,the author also analyses the reasons,the possibility,the operation mechanism and the restriction of each main suppliers,and got a conclusion that coexistence of the three types of suppliers is the best solution to realize effective supply of ecological products.The fifth chapter is about the international experience of ecological product supply.With a clue of two kinds of supply mechanism-government and market,author found supply experiences of foreign ecological products from the subject of specific ecological products supply,capital sources of supply,supply mode and supply payment standard,and made the analysis on typical cases that government needs to supply solid legal system for ecological product supply,needs administrative departments to solve the problems in supply with undisturbed policy,needs diversified supply modes,needs government-oriented supply and market-oriented supply complemented one another,finally needs international cooperation to strengthen the supply of ecological product.The sixth chapter is about construction of ecological products supply system,whose purpose is to increase supply under incentive system.With research results of the above chapters,the author conceived environmental taxation system,government transfer payment system,eco-compensation system and system of ecological property rights in order to make environment protecting and supply increasing more perfect and effective.The supply of ecological product is a new and complex topic with theoretical and practical significance.It is a worldwide key point that how to alleviate overloading of ecological carrying capacity in a long time.In this paper,the author plan to design the attacking system of ecological products,enhance the supply ability of ecological products and provide new ideas for the supply of ecological products. |
