A Firm's Decision On Operation And Emissions Reduction In Supply Chain Under Carbon Tax Policy

Nowadays world-wide nations implement carbon reduction policies in response to the threat of global warming and consumers environmental awareness spreads over the world.Under this background,manufacturers take the carbon footprint into each link of the supply chain management such as R&D,production,sales,inventory and so on.The purpose of this paper is how the carbon tax policy affect enterprise operation decisions and how to optimize the enterprise's operation strategy under carbon tax constraint and consumer's low-carbon environmental awareness.The current studies of low carbon supply chain focus on operation management's one or several sides,then discuss how carbon regulation policies affect the allocation optimizition in these links.However,it is still rare that the research on the whole supply chain from R&D to distribution under carbon tax policy.Six models are established to make up the main body of the thesis,i.e.6 chapters(chapter 3 to 8).R&D and emissions reduction strategies are discussed in R&D link of the supply chain under the carbon tax policy in chapter 3.Production decision and emissions reduction strategies are discussed in the production link of supply chain under the carbon tax policy in chapter 4.Order decision-making and emissions reduction strategies are discussed in the sale link under carbon tax policy in chapter 5.Inventory decisions and emissions reduction strategies are discussed in the sale link under carbon tax policy in chapter 6.Distribution decision and emissions reduction strategies in multinational companies are discussed in a network distribution link under carbon tariff policy in chapter 8.It is discussed how consumers' low-carbon environmental awareness has economic effect and environmental effect with carbon tax policy in a supply chain in chapter 7.Game theory and dual objective programming are used on modeling and solving to obtain some innovative conclusions.The best choice for the R&D form of emissions reduction technology is cooperative research and development,but the cooperative research and development is not necessarily conducive to the decreasing of carbon emissions on society.Cooperation R&D has better environmental performance than competition R&D in the long term,but has worse performance in the short term.If the government aims at the short term goal to reduce emissions,he should encourage R&D competition on basis of R&D spillover rate.An enterprise must take the supply chain channel structure into consideration when the production and emissions reduction strategies are concerned under carbon tax policy.Under the carbon tax policy,when supply chain members choose to reduce their carbon footprint,it is related to channel structure and carbon emissions price that emissions reduction cooperation strategy can be their optimal choice,such as that decentralized emissions reduction is the optimal choice for RS structure.When carbon emissions price exceeds the threshold in the no-leader channel structure,members' optimal choice is to make the emissions reduction independently,while member's optimal choice is to make emissions reduction jointly for MS structure.The retailer's optimal order decision is to advance ordering time,increases at first then decreases the order quantity of high-margin products and reduce the order quantity of low-margin products under carbon tax policy.The supplier's lead time strategy can be a feasible emissions reduction strategy for both parties.However,it is not certain for low profit product suppliers to implement the lead time strategy.Under carbon tax policy,a firm's optimal inventory strategy(Q,r)is to keep the reorder point still,ascertain the ordering frequency and ordering quantity according to carbon tax and the ratio of fixed ordering's carbon intensity to inventory intensity.Both parties of supplier and retailer can make emissions reduction jointly by means of carbon emissions cost sharing.If the supply chain's inventory carbon intensity is higher than the fixed ordering's carbon intensity,the optimal retailer's carbon emissions cost allocation proportion changes in direction to carbon tax,if conversely,retailer's optimal sharing decision is to take all of carbon emissions cost.Multinational corporation's cost and carbon emissions conversion rate of the pareto frontier curve is decreasing in the global supply chain network under carbon tariff policy.Company decision makers can make tradeoff decisions between environmental protection investment size and carbon emissions quantity according to the parato frontier curve."Big stick"(environmental regulation policy)and "carrot"(environmental protection campaigns)or both can be used to encourage companies to take emissions reduction action,carbon regulation policy's pressure and consumer environmental awareness' threshold effect can be both observed on supply chain's profit and emissions sides.Although the policy of "carrot" can drive enterprises to reduce emissions,but cannot replace "stick" policy on economic effect's perspective,"carrot" and "stick" role in emissions can be both overlapping and supplementary each other.