Study On The Protection Mechanism Of Black Land In Jilin Province

In recent years,the issue of the black soil conservation in Northeast China has become a hot topic and focus that has drawn many people's attention from different social sectors.In the annual “two sessions” of the nation and of local northeast areas,more deputies and members strongly appeal to attach importance to the issue of the black soil conservation.In academia,experts and scholars,after years of research on the black soil conservation,have made some proposals and suggestions in many aspects including the technology and policy for strengthening the idea of the black soil conservation.According to relevant literatures,experts and scholars have made great achievements in the research of related issues concerning black soil,which provides some basic material and ideas and method for this study.This paper is mainly divided into the following five parts.(1)Analyzing the soil fertility of the black soil in Jilin provinceBased on the data analysis about soil investigation of 21 counties and specificanalysis of 4 typical counties including Yushu,Nong'an,Changling,and Yongji,the paper draws a general conclusion about the change of black soil in Jilin province that the content of soil organic substances in the black soil region has decreased obviously;the low and medium-yielding fields in the west black soil region have increased greatly;the area of high-yielding fields in the east black soil region have increased obviously.(2)Analyzing the factors that influence the soil fertility of black soilThe topography types of black soil region in Jilin province are complex,with anobvious soil vertical distribution.Although the time for land exploitation and reclamation is not long,the irrational use of land has caused the problem of high land output capacity but low input capacity,thus breaking the virtuous circle of ecosystem,reducing greatly the function of farmland ecosystem.Accordingly,a series of problems have arisen,such as soil erosion,land potential productivity degradation,more frequent natural disasters and ecological environment deterioration,which has become a major constraining factor in the sustainable development of agriculture in black soil region.This paper analyzes the reasons for black soil degradation from the aspects of natural factors,farming practices and ecological destruction.(3)Illustrating the tillage practice of black soil conservationThe change of tillage practice is,in essence,the change of scientific technology.Therefore,emphasis must be placed on the innovation of farming technology in the black soil conservation.The paper focuses on the following aspects-exploring the change of crop in rotation,promoting the scientific farming of field crops,accelerating the process of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation,and promoting the practical farming technology and methods of machinery deep tillage and of putting the straw back to the soil.(4)Expounding the ecological measures of black soil conservationThe soil,without any exception,is the result of the interaction between biological factors and parent material under certain climate and topography,changing with the development of soil farming conditions.At the same time,the change of soil itself will have an influence on the environment.Therefore,the study on the black soil conservation must be put under the framework of ecosystem to achieve the unity of internal and external factors.The paper expounds the conservation of various resources involving water,forestry,grassland,wetland and soil conditions.(5)Expounding relevant policies of black soil conservationResearching the relevant policies of black soil conservation,the paper analyzesthe problems of the present policies-including the fragmentation and weakness of policies,the insufficient playing of the farmers' role as main body,the lack of social supervision and the absence of relevant laws.Based on the analysis,the paper puts forward some suggestions in policies,such as integrating the present land policies,strengthening the policy of black soil conservation,protecting and promoting farmers' enthusiasm,establishing and perfecting the supervision system and mechanism,and strengthening the legislation.