| Since the reform and opening up,the Yangtze River Economic Zone has made great achievements in its economic development,however,the accompanying environmental pollution has been close to the limit of the ecological environment that can bear,which has had seriously effect on the production and life of coastal residents.As a result,the development mode of the Yangtze River Economic Zone is urgent to change.The Yangtze River Economic Zone has been an economic zone with an with large population concentration,large economic volume and strong development potential for a long time so that it plays an important strategic supporting role in coordinating regional development,cultivating energy of motion pf growth and optimizing spatial structure."The Guiding Opinions for Promoting the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone Relying on the Golden Waterway" promulgated by the State Council in September 2014 signified that the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone has been officially risen as a national strategy.Since then,the Yangtze River Economic Zone has become one of the"three major supporting zone strategies" for optimizing the spatial pattern of the economic development pf China in the new era.Soon afterwards,Xi Jinping put forward "placing the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in an overwhelming position,jointly grasping the large-scale protection,not carrying out the big development"and "it's necessary to correctly grasp the five major relationships to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone",which definitely endowed the Yangtze River Economic Zone with the historic task of exploring a new strategy to promote ecological priority and green development in coordination.Therefore,it is not only of great practical significance,but also of great theoretical significance to explore the possible path of green development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,thus providing successful experience for China to explore a new strategy of promoting ecological priority and green development in coordination.Based on the contents mentioned above,this paper takes the national economic development strategy and its evolution trajectory of environmental policy as the background,takes the interactive relationship between the social economic development and the ecological environment evolution in the Yangtze River Economic Zone as the main line to explore the reasons for the imbalance between economic development and ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone,thereby putting forward the idea of realizing the coordinated development between the economy of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and environment from two aspects of theory and practice.The first chapter is mainly to explore the status on the economic development of Yangtze River Economic Zone and environmental changes before the reform and opening up.The Yangtze River Basin has been developing and protected for thousands of years.During the The Qin and Han Dynasty,with the development of the Yellow River Basin as the mainstay,the conscious development activities of the Yangtze River Basin among human beings has gradually increased.By the middle and late Song Dynasty,the national political,economic and cultural center of gravity eventually moved from the Yellow River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the people began to follow the policy of encouraging population growth so that the population of the Yangtze River Basin was showing explosive growth,and the contradiction between people and land was prominent.In the period of ancient agricultural civilization,the Yangtze River Basin was always dominated by agricultural civilization,and agricultural development was the basic form and major economic activities in the development of Yangtze River Basin.The social and economic development was relatively in harmony with the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone.After modern times,with the rise of modern industry,the Yangtze River Basin was relatively undeveloped in productivity and mode of production,and there was no large-scale,durable industrial production,even though the ecological environment was generally good,the problem on the ecological environment pollution has already been exposed.Before the founding of People's Republic of China to the reform and opening up,influenced or impacted by the National priority development strategy for heavy industry,"Great Leap Forward",the Cultural Revolution and othes,the economic development of the Yangtze River Basin gradually disconnected from economic growth,causing the problem of industrial development with extremely unbalance.Therefore,the economic development of the Yangtze River Basin has formed a pattern of "paying attention to the growth in quantity,while neglecting the improvement in quality".Under the background of national industrialization development,agricultural development was also relatively tortuous.Urban industrial development in the basin began to move to rural areas,and the pollution sources in the rural changed from agricultural pollution to agricultural and industrial pollution sources simultaneously.The ecological environment pollution in the Yangtze River Basin has begun to be prominent.The second chapter mainly studies the economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and environmental changes form 1979 to 1991.During this period,various provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone gave full play to their own geographical and environmental advantages with the aid of the reform and opening-up policy,and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits.The economic growth of all provinces and cities has been significantly improved.The macroeconomic industrial structure was inclined towards the secondary and service industries on the whole,while the scales of change among three industrial structure was relatively smaller.At the same time,the pollution from point sources of cities and industrial and mining enterprises,agricultural non-point sources and flow sources of shipping in the Yangtze River Basin has increased rapidly.The ecological environment pollution in the Yangtze River Basin mainly came from the increase of the quantity of chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production;and the influence of the emission of pollutants from untreated three wastes(waste water,waste gas and waste residue).when the pollution discharge of industrial enterprises in the basin.In addition,although the investment in pollution control has been increasing,it's still unable to effectively curb the worsening trend of water environment pollution.Soil erosion was also aggravating.The flood and water logging disasters in the Yangtze River Basin was ranked as the top of seven major water systems in China.It's obvious that the economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone has entered the fast development trend as a whole.During this period,although the central government has explored a new strategy of economic construction that took the economic benefits as the center,it couldn't fundamentally change the extensive mode of economic growth.The previous fast-surpassing economic development thinking still has an influence on the economic performance to a certain extent.Therefore,under the multiple pressures of the rapid growth of industry,especially rural industry,the rapid promotion of chemical application of agriculture and the exploitation of predatory resources,the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin entered a rapid deterioration phase.The third chapter mainly studies the rapid development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and the aggravation of environmental pollution in the past 1992 to 2001 years.During this period,the establishment of market orientation of China's economic restructuring and open area advanced from coastal areas to inland areas,greatly promoting the economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone.All kinds of pollution sources and their pollution intensity in the Yangtze River Basin have also increased rapidly with it.This period was also a a period of rapid deterioration of the national ecological environment.Based on the problem,the Chinese government formulated and implemented the strategy of sustainable development in the middle of 90s.The ecological environment governance in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has received more attention.The Central Government and the Yangtze River Basin Management Institutions began to strengthen the ecological environment governance of the Yangtze River Basin with a targeted and planned way.However,in practice,the governments at all levels in the Yangtze River Basin were still excessively pursuing economic benefits and attaching less importance to the protection of the ecological environment.With the rapid economic growth and the rapid expansion of total economic volume in the Yangtze River Basin,the conflict between ecological carrying capacity and socio-economic development in the Yangtze River Basin was becoming increasingly intensifying.In the fourth chapter,the parallel advancement and interaction between economic development and environmental protection in the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2002 to 2015 was investigated.Since China became one of members of the WTO,the regional development,population agglomeration,industrialization,urbanization and port construction along the Yangtze River have been promoted at a high speed.The pollution intensive traditional industries in the downstream area begin to shift to the middle and up reaches.The water environment in the Yangtze River Basin was facing unprecedented ecological pressure.During this period,both the central government and the Yangtze River Basin management institutions attached great significance to the protection of the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin,and formulated a series of policies with targeted environmental protection measures,which significantly improved the level of environmental protection input.However,the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Basin was accelerating the deterioration trend as a whole,which has seriously restricted the economic development of the Yangtze River Basin and even the whole China,which showed that the traditional extensive development mode has been difficult to continue in the Yangtze River Basin.It has become a major problem that must be seriously treated and solved as soon as possible in the course of the development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone to effectively change the mode of development according to the actual situation,improve the mechanism of sustainable development as soon as possible,thoroughly reverse the situation that economic growth was more important than environmental protection and environmental protection lagged behind economic development and truly promote the acheivement of environmental protection and economic development simultaneously.The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the underlying reasons leading to the imbalance between the ecological environment and economic development in the Yangtze River Economic Zone.In this paper,it's argued that there were lots of reasons causing this result.The direct reason is that people knew little about the capacity and characteristics of the ecological environment in the process of social and economic development.Although there are differences in natural attributes of natural factors,unreasonable development and disturbance of human beings to the environment were the main factors that aggravate the imbalance trend.Ecological environment and economic development have dual functions of promoting and restricting.After years of development,the available resources in the Yangtze River Basin have been decreasing little by little,and the contradiction between limited resources and rapid economic development is increasingly prominent.The main reason is that the establishment of the effective mechanisms for coordinating environmental protection and economic development fails.Even though China has implemented the strategy of sustainable development for more than 20 years,the environmental protection and economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and the whole Yangtze River Basin are still "two external apparence" and "coordinated development of environment and economy" has not yet been put into action from the concept.The underlying reason is the traditional economic development mode with high consumption and high pollution adopted by China in the middle of industrialization,which has fundamentally restricted the level of environmental awareness,environmental investment and environmental protection system construction.It will be difficult to be effectively implemented without thoroughly reversing this mode of development fundamentally,without formulating the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Zone and without implementing the economic development principle of the Yangtze River Economic Zone of "jointly grasping the large-scale protection,not carrying out the big development".It mainly proposed the idea of realizing the coordinated development of economy,society and environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in the sixth chapter.First of all,this chapter briefly combed out the historical process of the development of the Yangtze River Basin,looked back the process of strategic evolution of the Yangtze River Economic Zone,and summarized its evolution characteristics.In addition,the development experience and economic development mode of large river basins abroad was searched and investigated.Based on this point,this paper holds that the transformation of the Yangtze River Economic Zone from the past development to the protection is a fundamental change in the concept of development,and it's with its important connotative significance as well as an inevitable choice of history.For the future development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone,it's necessary to adopt a new development mode.To make efforts to construct the protection priority and comprehensive protection system and large protection mechanism for jointly grasping and managing between central government and basin area,to implement the great protection projects that are based on major projects and ecological rehabilitation as the core.Only when achieving the thoroughly change in the concepts,systems and mechanisms can the strategic center of gravity of development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone be transformed from the large-scale development to the great protection,and then achieve the green development. |
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