Research On Development Of Urban Tourism From The Perspective Of Ecological Civilization

Tourism,as a new driving force of urbanization,plays an important role in promoting economic transformation,social change and cultural reconstruction.Being the new engine of urban economic development,urban tourism becomes increasingly significant in urban economic development.However,urban tourism,rooted in the urban complex giant system,not only undertakes the mission of leading and boosting the rapid development of urban economy,but also bears the responsibility of protecting the environment,harmonizing the relationship between human and nature,human and society,and human themselves.With the intensification of urban resource competition,tighter constraints,and increased pressure on ecosystems,the development of urban tourism industry faces various challenges.Therefore,how to realize and ensure the sustainable development of urban tourism is a realistic problem to be solved urgently.By combing and analyzing the existing research literature on urban tourism development,it is found that the existing research has problems such as single perspective,incomplete theoretical system and weak guidance for urban tourism development practice.It is imperative to start from the overall situation of urban development and conduct systematic and comprehensive research on the sustainable development of urban tourism from a new perspective.Ecological civilization is a new stage in the development of human civilization.It is the sum of the material and spiritual achievements of human beings in accordance with the objective law of harmonious development of human,nature and society.It is also a cultural and ethical form with the basic aim of harmonious coexistence,virtuous circle,all-round development and sustained prosperity between man and nature,man and man,and between man and society.Ecological civilization,as a concept of sustainable development,is a valuable experience gained by our party in the long-term socialist practice,a sublimation and development of ecological thoughts such as ecological philosophy,ecological ethics,ecological economics and ecological modernization theory,and an important achievement of the development of human culture.Thus to implement the thought,idea and method of ecological civilization into the concrete practice of solving the problems of urban tourism development becomes a new perspective to study the sustainable development of urban tourism and an effective way to solve the dilemma faced by the sustainable development of urban tourism.This paper,starting with the analysis of the changes and development of research perspectives on modern tourism,combs and summarizes the particularities,research hotspots and existing research problems of urban tourism development.Aiming at the problems,this paper puts forward a systematic,comprehensive and scientific analysis method from a new perspective of ecological civilization,and takes xi’ an as an example to conduct an empirical study,which provides a reference for the theoretical research and practical exploration of urban tourism development.The main achievements and contributions are as follows.1.Constructing a theoretical model of urban tourism research,which is based on the urban tourism system and urban complex giant system,supported by the tourism development efficiency,and can comprehensively reflect the influencing factors and their interrelationships of urban tourism development.As a special type of tourism that has multiple interactions with urban economy,society,culture and environment,urban tourism not only boasts its own wide range,diverse components,and many influencing factors,is also has complicated connections with the urban complex ecosystem.In order to analyze and study it,we must abstract theories,grasp the main contradiction and construct a scientific theoretical research model.In accordance with the concept of internal stability and efficiency,ecological efficiency optimization and internal and external coordination of the ecological civilization,this paper constructs a systematic and complete theoretical research model through theoretical abstraction and logical deduction.Based on the system theory,the model summarizes and abstracts the influence and connection of urban tourism research from multiple angles and levels.The theoretical research model includes three parts: urban tourism system,urban tourism ecological efficiency and the relationship between urban tourism and urban complex ecosystem.The urban tourism system is mainly composed of tourism subject,object,media,carrier and urban residents,which reflects the internal factor relations of urban tourism.As the main research object,it is the subject of the model.The ecological efficiency of urban tourism is constructed according to the life cycle of tourism,which reflects the priority principle of ecological efficiency of urban tourism development and is the main support of sustainable development research.Besides,the relationship between urban tourism and urban compound ecosystem is one of the important support on the city tourism development,which reflects the diversified connections between urban tourism and urban compound ecosystem and the way they works.All in all,the three parts are a trinity that fully reflects the influence factors and their correlations of the sustainable development of city tourism,and also lays a foundation for the in-depth study of tourism research.2.A complete theoretical system for the evaluation and analysis of urban tourism development is established by setting up the analysis index system,determining analytical methods and establishing the evaluation standard.Based on the theoretical research model,this paper systematically studies the theories and methods of urban tourism development from three dimensions,including the internal development status of urban tourism,tourism ecological efficiency and the coordination among tourism,economy and nature.The main results are as follows:(1)In the internal state analysis of urban tourism system,the SOMCL index system of urban tourism system internal state analysis consisting of 5 first class indexes,15 second class indexes and 40 third class indexes is constructed,the synthetic attribute judgment and analysis model based on AHP is established,and the corresponding analysis standard is determined,which provide a technical means for the comprehensive analysis of the internal stability of urban tourism system.(2)In the urban tourism ecological efficiency analysis,according to the tourist area life cycle,the carbon footprint model of tourism catering,accommodation,transportation and tourism activities and the measurement model of urban tourism ecological efficiency are constructed by redefining the boundary of tourism carbon footprint,and the analysis standard is also established to provide technical support for the study of urban tourism ecological efficiency.(3)In the analysis of the coordination of urban tourism,economy and environment,the coupling coordination analysis index system of urban economy-ecological environment-tourism industry consisting of 3 first class indexes,9 second class indexes and 28 third class indexes and coupling coordination degree analysis model are constructed,which abandons the traditional weighted summation system evaluation index,and adopts the TOPSIS model based on the combination of entropy weight and composite correlation coefficient.The analysis results are more objective and persuasive because of the ideal reference object.3.Using the above theoretical research results and taking Xi’an city as an example,this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of its tourism development,finds out the key factors affecting its sustainable development,and provides a scientific basis for the formulation of development strategies.Through the empirical study on Xi’an city,some conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Through the analysis of the development status of tourism system in Xi’an,it is concluded that its overall state is at a sub-health level.Through the index analysis,it is found that the urban tourism media is in an unhealthy state,which becomes the main “short board” for its development.There is a large gap between Xi’an and other fifteen sub-provincial cities in the scale and benefit of the tourism market,which is the main factor affecting the evaluation results of tourism media.(2)According to the analysis of Xi’an tourism eco-efficiency,the overall eco-efficiency value of its tourism in 2016 is 0.195 kg CO2-e/￥,which is in sub-health state.The ranking of eco-efficiency between departments is: tourism transportation<tourism accommodation<tourism catering <tourism activities.Among them,the footprint of the transportation and accommodation sectors accounts for 83.97% and 11.41% of the total footprint respectively,which is the key factor to energy conservation and emission reduction in the tourism industry.(3)Through the analysis of the coupling and coordination of tourism and economic and environmental system in Xi’an City,this paper finds the coupling relationship from 2007 to 2016 has gradually changed from a forced state to a good state.The dynamic curve of coordination degree has been continuous and stable,and the evaluation results are ideal.At present,the synchronous lag of urban economy and ecological environment has replaced the long-term lag of the tourism industry which has great influence on the coupling and coordination of the system.Although the development of tourism industry has surpassed the threshold of ecological environment,the overall coupling coordination still shows an optimized momentum.To some extent,it reflects that the coupling and coordination among tourism industry,economy and environment have a self-organization,and have the potential to a better coupling state.4.Some strategic suggestions to promote the benign and sustainable development of tourism in Xi’an have been put forward based on the results of the comprehensive analysis.By analyzing the internal causes and influencing mechanisms of the “short board” problems that affect the tourism development in Xi’an,the author accordingly proposes some strategic suggestions in five aspects to provide feasible methods for the sustainable development of tourism in Xi’an city: the concept of ecological development must be established to promote the construction of tourism ecology;the types of tourism products should be improved to meet the demands of market;the traffic structure needs to be optimized to improve the ecoefficiency of tourism transportation;the stay time of tourists can be extended to stimulate the upgrading of urban tourism consumption structure;the economic vitality of urban tourism should be enhanced to expand the scale of the tourism market.