Research On Sustainable Development Of Wetland Tourism Based On Ecological Ethics

The strategy of tourism sustainable development is put forward under the condition that the serious ecological problems directly threaten the healthy development of tourism and there is a serious deviation between the tourism development and ecological protection.It seems that the factors of management,economy and technology lead to the tourism ecological environment problems,but essentially it is the lack of necessary ecological moral consciousness and sense of responsibility.At present,the deep sources of the ecological environment problems of wetland tourism have been neglected at home and abroad.Based on the theory of natural ecology,social ecology and sustainable development,this research explores the main causes of the ecological environment problems of wetland tourism in contemporary China from the domestic and foreign research literature about ecological ethics and sustainable development of wetland tourism.Ecological ethics provides moral support and value orientation for the sustainable development of wetland tourism.The healthy operation of wetland ecosystem is the key to realize the sustainable development of wetland tourism.There are plural value of economic,ecological and social in wetlands.Wetland ecosystem is fragile and unstable,and the healthy wetland ecosystem should have two abilities of self sustaining development and satisfying social and economic development.Wetland tourism has positive and negative effects on wetland ecological protection.The sustainable development of wetland tourism contains three major objectives of ecological balance,economic development and social justice.The interior of wetland tourism system is composed of tourism subject(tourist),tourism object(tourism resource)and tourism media(tourism industry organization).This research studies the internal factors of sustainable development in order to solve the problems that the current research framework is decentralized and unsystematic.Through various forms of field investigation and expert interview,this research investigated the current situation of sustainable development in Qinhu Lake National Wetland Park.There are higher ecological recreation and aesthetic,environmental,scientific,historical,cultural and health values of tourist resources.However,there are many ecological and environmental problems in the development,including water eutrophication,changes in animal and plant population structure,imperfect environmental protection and ecological compensation mechanism,imperfect environmental interpretation and monitoring system and the lack of professional talents in tourism environmental protection.The government should strengthen the ecological ethics responsibility of the protective development of wetland tourism resources,and adhere to the unity of intrinsic and external value of wetland tourism resources.The government should make full use of the leading role in wetland tourism planning,wetland environmental protection laws and regulations,and wetland tourism resources development and supervision.The sustainable development of wetland tourism was studied only based on the resource or environmental protection in the past.The operation process of tourism industry has not been systematically analyzed,and the operational measures of various tourism enterprises have not been put forward.Through summing up the status and reasons of tourism industry non-ecology,this research puts forward the ecological development goal of efficiency,fairness,harmony and economy.Tourism enterprises are the micro foundation of wetland tourism.The fulfillment of ecological moral responsibility must become a rational component of its economic behavior.It is also a new practical means to maintain the ecological development of wetland tourism industry.Tourists are important participants in the sustainable development of wetland tourism.In the past,the ecological environment knowledge and the corresponding ecological behavior tendency were emphasized.However,the recent studies have found that the ecological awareness and moral development level of tourists are the key to promoting ecological behavior.This research tries to construct the evaluation index system of ecological consciousness of wetland tourists combining NEP scales that are most commonly used to measure environmental attitudes in the world.Using Likert five scale,the questionnaire was implemented in Qinhu Lake National Wetland Park.This research finds that tourists in Qinhu Lake(4.048)shows better ecological consciousness and tendency than ordinary visitors(4.002),but there is still a big gap compared with the strict eco-tourists(4.121).The score of ecological ethics is lower(3.922)and the accommodation and service requirements of scenic spots are higher(3.785).It shows that there is the disconnection between knowing and doing in ecological consciousness and ecological behavior lags behind ecological emotion and will.Qinhu Lake tourist ecological awareness and attitudes mostly come from theory,while strict eco-tourists have much more stable ecological consciousness experiencing actual practice.The cognitive degree of tourism ecological knowledge and the corresponding practical experience are beneficial to the establishment of better emotional environment foundation.The identification degree of the indirect management measures(4.18)is much higher than that of the direct management measures(3.35).Ecological ethics has the functions of moral cultivation,normative restriction,judgment and incentive for the cultivation of wetland tourists.The experience of ecological beauty is the emotional basis of the spontaneous ecological behavior of wetland tourists.It fundamentally changes the traditional thinking way and values of tourist,and consciously regulates their ecological behavior and practical activities.This research discusses the sustainable development path of Qinhu Lake National Wetland Park based on ecological ethics.We should respect the intrinsic value of wetland tourism resources and insist on conservation development,beautify the wetland ecological landscape and strengthen wetland ecological function,insist on ecological justice and carry out wetland tourism resources utilization and compensation;promote enterprises cleaner and ecological production,develop wetland ecotourism products and guide green consumption,clear the enterprise ecological value and improve the internal management,build a green supply chain and realize the ecologicalization of the wetland industry cluster,use ecological technology and implement ecological rehabilitation and restoration of wetlands,strengthen the economy allocation of resources and improve the service function of wetland tourism;strengthen ecological ethics education and train responsible wetland tourists,establish ecological behavior norms of wetland tourists,strengthen the wetland ecological landscape perception,set up cooperative education mechanism and improve ecological morality practice ability in order to realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the sustainable development of wetland tourism.