| Traffic has been promoting economic prosperity,bringing convenience to people's lives,but also bringing about energy and environmental pollution,especially vehicle exhaust emissions fueled by traditional petroleum has become the main cause of urban air pollution and haze weather.In order to control air pollution and reduce extreme weather,governments have issued a series of laws and regulations,which also brings new challenges to government management and supply chain operation: how to balance the interests of enterprises and consumers' low-carbon preferences,and how to formulate and adjust policies to encourage enterprises reducing emissions more effectively,especially when China's carbon trading mechanism has just begun to pilot,and the carbon tax policy is about to be levied.How to use different emission reduction mechanisms to reduce China's overall carbon emissions has great strategic significance.In the face of the above problems,this paper regards transport process emissions as an independent emission link,introduces transporters on the basis of retailersmanufacturer supply chains,combines the characteristics of transport emissions and the practical problems in logistics transportation practice,and constructs a model of manufacturer,retailer and transporter by using Stankberg game model.By comparing the average emission reduction of products and the profits of enterprises under the four transportation modes:self-assignment centralization,self-assignment decentralization,outsourcing centralization and outsourcing decentralization,it is found that outsourcing centralization is the most economical and environmentally friendly mode of transportation,and the supply chain should outsource transportation to the transporter as far as possible for logistics transportation.After that,we continue to use the Stankberg game to study the emission reduction cooperation of the three-level supply chain under the policy emission reduction mechanism and the market emission reduction mechanism.According to the different mechanisms and factors of each emission reduction environment,we discuss the impact of different emission reduction factors on the carbon emissions,emission reduction and profits of the carbon-emitting enterprises in the supply chain,respectively.On this basis,a two-field cooperation model for emission reduction in three-level supply chain is established,and the effect of cooperation under different mechanisms and the reaction of cooperation to emission reduction are studied.Finally,the information exclusion and information sharing model of supply chain under uncertain demand information is established by using information asymmetry theory.The information value,optimal emission reduction and profit of each enterprise were found under these modes.Through this study,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Under the environment of carbon emission trading,retailers and manufacturers should choose to outsource transportation to the third party logistics enterprises for both consideration of environmental protection and profit.In the absence of third party logistics enterprises,they should adopt the mode of centralized decision-making to cooperate.Compared with other transmission mode,it can produce more profits and carbon emission reduction;finally achieve the dual optimization of environment and profit.(2)Under the carbon tax-subsidy policy environment,the government should increase the carbon tax and subsidy for clean energy vehicles and clean manufacturer to promote their emission reduction while increasing enterprise profits.For high-emission long-distance transport vehicles and polluting manufacturers,the government should take measures to increase emission reduction subsidy and reduce carbon tax to promote their reduction and reduces emission reduction costs.Under the policy mechanism,the more extensive cooperation between supply chain enterprises,the more conducive in the "process emission reduction" and more greate emission reduction.With the deepening of cooperation,the effect of subsidies will be strengthened,while the effect of carbon tax will be inhibited.(3)In the market environment,the price of carbon trading and consumer awareness of environmental protection can be improved to promote clean manufacturing enterprises' and new energy vehicle's emission reduction and profits;for the pollution type manufacturing enterprises and heavy transport vehicles,although the price of carbon emissions increase makes the decline but also decreased the profits of enterprises,but enhance the environmental awareness of consumers in polluting enterprises will appear "market failure" phenomenon,here need for government intervention to guide.In the market mechanism,broaden the three-echelon supply chain cooperation brings gradually increasing emission reduction,in the other words,the steady increasing in carbon trading price and consumer awareness of environmental protection will strengthen emission reduction effect.(4)The policy reduction mechanism and the market emission reduction mechanism should be targeted at different industries.For manufacturing enterprises,the emission reduction effect of policy mechanism is better than that of market mechanism.Subsidies in policy mechanism play a major role in the fields of emission reduction and profit.For transport enterprises,the effect of market mechanism on reducing emissions and increasing profits is greater than that of policy mechanism.Consumer's environmental awareness is mainly in the field of emission reduction,and the effect of carbon emission trading price on profit accumulation is stronger.(5)Under uncertain demand information,manufacturers and carriers can always benefit from the information sharing of retailers,but retailers will voluntarily share the forecast information only when the carriers have higher emission reduction efficiency.As the cost of reducing emissions increases,the profit of manufacturers and carriers will be greater when they share information exclusively than when they share information in the supply chain. |
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