| Since ancient times,how to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection has been a major problem in the process of human social development.Given the increasingly serious crisis of environmental resources,how to deal with the environmental problems left over in the process of economic development has become the greatest challenge that human society needs to face.Under the precondition that the traditional development model of pollution first and then treatment is unsustainable,the "shock" environmental treatment method adopted by some regions in order to pursue short-term treatment effect has caused a serious impact on the local economy,which is also unsustainable for a developing country like China.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce a more advanced concept of environmental governance and seek to build a more systematic and efficient governance mechanism.“Although Zhou was an old state,it's responsibility was renewed.” In the 21 st century,the concept of green development can be regarded as an effective way to balance the "dualistic opposition" between economic development and environmental protection.It also makes China gradually change from a participant and practitioner of global environmental protection to an innovator and leader.Environmental governance is an important part of green development strategy as a kind of public affairs activities aiming at achieving green development and taking "government policy supply + market interest drive + public participation" as a means of multi-coordinated governance.Through discussing the compatibility between human civilization development and natural environment,the origin and strategic significance of the concept of green development,the paradigm change and connotation of environmental governance,the analysis method of environmental governance and the application of collaborative governance in environmental governance,this paper concludes that green development,compared to traditional development concept,is a more efficiency scientific and sustainable development concept and is in line with China's future economic growth mode and social development direction requirements.However,as the basic support of China's green development system,the actions of how can local environmental governance get rid of the excessive dependence on the government at present,and promote the transformation of governance subject from single government governance to multi-agent collaborative governance,and promote the extension of governance scope from environmental governance to the related social and economic fields,are the directions of China's environmental governance to be further complete and optimize in the future.Therefore,through building a scientific and perfect performance evaluation system of local environmental governance,combining with the analysis of the current theory and current situation of local environmental governance mechanism,finding weaknesses and paths,innovating environmental governance mechanism and improving the level of environmental governance are the realistic needs and important tasks of implementing the concept of green development in China.On the basis of combing the relevant research at home and abroad country and based on the previous research and information obtained from field researches,this paper focuses on the following three aspects:First,although it is generally accepted that environmental governance needs the tripartite coordination of government,market,and society,government governance is still the most efficient means at present.Is this proposition valid?Secondly,even though the governance efficiency and level of local governments are limited,what is the functional orientation of market and social subjects participating in environmental governance?Thirdly,how to improve the overall efficiency and governance level of local environmental governance through the tripartite coordination of government,market,and society in future environmental governance?The basic supporting theory of this paper is mainly divided into two parts: the theory of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics and the western theory of environmental coordinated governance.The theory of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics includes the thoughts of the five generations of Party and state leaders on the construction of ecological civilization from the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the present,while the western theory of environmental coordinated governance mainly includes the basis of natural resources View and stakeholder theory,independent governance theory,collaborative governance theory,etc.In order to do further research on local environmental governance in China,this paper fully describes and analyzes the basic framework and basic logic of current environmental collaborative governance in China.For this reason,this paper draws a framework of environmental collaborative governance aimed at breaking the "binary opposition" between economic development and environmental protection,which is mainly composed of macro,meso and operational levels.From the macro level,it mainly includes two main systems covered by the concept of green development,one is the ecological civilization system,the other is the economic development system.Here,green development can be seen as the coupling result of the two system concepts,goals and paths.From the micro level,we can regard the improvement of environmental collaborative governance performance as an indicator to measure the change of green development level,and the change of environmental collaborative governance performance can be projected into the influence of various factors in the three subsystems of industrial system,regional system and social system.From the perspective of specific operation,environmental collaborative governance is a multi system governance system composed of three governance subjects: government regulation,market incentive and social guidance.As for the analysis method of this paper,it mainly describes the evaluation method and index selection method of environmental governance,including iooi,three-component model,PSR,DSR and DPSIR model,from which DPSIR is selected as the optimal method;index selection method mainly includes single index system and comprehensive index system,and finally comprehensive index system System as a follow-up local environmental governance performance evaluation index selection method.Based on the field research in Guangdong,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Sichuan and other places,this paper combs the current difficulties faced by local governments,market enterprises and the public in environmental collaborative governance.As the institutional supplier of environmental coordinated governance,the main problems faced by local governments are that the current environmental governance policy system does not meet the actual needs of local development,the defects of relevant regulatory accountability mechanism and the lack of public platform for government environmental governance.As the key actor of environmental collaborative governance,the main problems most enterprises face at present still need to deepen their understanding of the concept of environmental governance.The impact of environmental governance on enterprises from both the incentive level and the regulatory level needs to be strengthened,which makes the subjective initiative of enterprises to participate in environmental governance less.As a general participant in environmental collaborative governance,the main problem facing the public at present is that their position in the governance system is not clear,and they can not give full play to their professional advantages in the field of environmental governance.Of course,their organizational capacity and initiative to participate in environmental governance also need to be strengthened.On this basis,by constructing the evolutionary game model of local government,market enterprise and public participation,the paper analyzes the stability and evolution process of the final system under different strategic combinations of all parties.The following issues should be paid attention to in the collaborative governance of local environment: first,from the perspective of local government subject,the government should control the threshold of public participation in environmental governance properly Degree can not be too high or too low,because although the high threshold can stimulate the local government to some extent,it will also directly affect the enthusiasm of people to participate in environmental governance.Second,from the perspective of market enterprises,the design of enterprise ecological compensation mechanism cannot be "without bottom line",because excessive benefit compensation will affect the enthusiasm of the people to supervise enterprises,thus creating the illusion of "peace under heaven" for the government.At the same time,simple government subsidies have limited role in promoting the green transformation of enterprise production.Therefore,it is necessary to further expand the choice channels for enterprises to reduce the transformation cost.Third,from the perspective of the main body of the public,the active participation and supervision of the society will directly lead to the continuous improvement of the government and enterprises' attention to their own reputation,which has a positive significance in promoting the coordinated governance of local environment.In order to analyze the current problems of environmental collaborative governance in China more systematically and objectively,this paper attempts to build a comprehensive performance evaluation system of local environmental collaborative governance based on the concept of green development,and to evaluate the comprehensive performance of environmental collaborative governance at the provincial level in recent years.Based on the DPSIR model as the optimal method,this paper takes science,system,generality and feasibility as the principle,selects a series of indicators of comprehensive performance evaluation of environmental collaborative governance from more than 80 alternative indicators by frequency statistical method and grey correlation analysis method,and forms a series of indicators of local environmental collaborative governance In the process of index selection,try to eliminate the influence of population,area and other scale factors on the evaluation.By collecting and sorting out the index data of 30 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government(excluding Tibet Autonomous Region,Hong Kong,Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province)in 2013—2017,comparative analysis was carried out.According to the evaluation results,this paper mainly finds the following phenomena: first,at present,the areas with low performance of environmental collaborative governance are mainly concentrated in the areas with relatively backward economic development efficiency and relatively poor natural conditions,such as Gansu,Ningxia,Shanxi,Qinghai,Xinjiang,etc.The second is that the areas with high performance of environmental coordinated governance not only have high efficiency of economic development,but also have good natural conditions in Fujian,Zhejiang and other areas,including Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin with high efficiency of economic development,and Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang with obvious advantages of natural resource endowment.Third,the traditional industrial structure optimization does not necessarily significantly improve the performance of its environmental coordinated governance.For some regions,because the change of the three industrial structure adjustment does not significantly optimize the energy utilization efficiency and pollutant emission level of the above regions,the performance of its environmental coordinated governance has not been significantly improved.Fourth,the impact of single government governance on the performance of environmental collaborative governance is limited.On the premise of relatively poor level of ecological environment,the comprehensive performance of environmental collaborative governance ranks first,which mainly depends on three factors: high efficiency of economic development,high investment of government governance and high participation of the public.In contrast,Ningxia,Shanxi,Gansu and other regions,although they also invest more in environmental governance,but they can not significantly improve the performance of local environmental collaborative governance.However,for Fujian,Zhejiang and other regions,although the government's investment in environmental governance is not strong,the final ranking of their environmental collaborative governance performance is still high.In order to further analyze the impact of the indicators in the previous evaluation system on the final environmental collaborative governance performance,this paper chooses the fixed effect model to study the impact degree and direction of the indicators on the environmental collaborative governance performance from the national and regional dimensions.According to the test results,from a national perspective,there is a strong correlation between indicators reflecting the participation of market subjects and social subjects in environmental governance and environmental governance performance,while the relationship between indicators reflecting the direct participation of government in environmental governance and environmental governance performance is not significant.From the perspective of regional situation,the influence of market subjects' participation in environmental governance on environmental governance performance is significant,but there are differences in the impact of government subjects and social subjects' participation in environmental governance on environmental governance performance.In the eastern part of China with a high level of economic development,the impact of social subjects' participation in environmental governance on environmental governance performance is more obvious,while the impact of government subjects' participation in environmental governance on environmental governance performance is weaker.For the central and western regions with relatively lagging economic development level,the government participation in environmental governance has a significant impact on environmental governance performance,while the social participation in environmental governance has a weak impact on environmental governance performance.Based on the conclusion of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for further optimization and innovation of local environmental collaborative governance system in the future from three aspects: the improvement and optimization of formal system,the transformation and upgrading of industry,and the normative guidance of informal institutional arrangements.At the formal institutional arrangement level,it is suggested to promote the green transformation of the existing system: first,the top-level design and implementation path of the green development mechanism need to be further improved to provide authoritative guidelines and implementation guarantees for local collaborative environmental governance;at the same time,establish and improve the governance mechanism and legal system to balance and guarantee the distribution of interests in environmental governance,so as to form a legal system in line with In addition,we should further optimize the existing local government environmental governance assessment and information disclosure mechanism,improve the local environmental governance performance assessment,information disclosure mechanism and comprehensively enhance the environmental governance awareness of local officials,and put the regional environmental governance work in an open and transparent level of benign competition.Industrial transformation and development: it is suggested to comprehensively promote the green transformation and upgrading of the industry.First of all,we should encourage traditional enterprises to actively establish the concept of green production and service,take technological innovation as the starting point,enhance the protection of intellectual property rights as the support,and promote the transformation of green production and service of traditional enterprises;at the same time,we should vigorously develop green emerging industries,intervene in the front-end of green emerging industries through the layout of basic common technologies by the government,and guide regions and enterprises based on existing resources In addition,we should give full play to the role of green finance in supporting industrial transformation and development,further enrich green financial instruments and businesses,and promote the diversified development of green financial subjects and the comprehensive sinking and promotion of green financial practice.At the level of informal institutional arrangement,it is suggested to mobilize the public to participate in environmental governance efficiently and reasonably.First of all,for ordinary people,we can promote the green and low-carbon family life style in the whole society by guiding and encouraging them to establish a green concept of life consumption;at the same time,we suggest that people take non-governmental organizations as a channel to play the role of supervision and governance to participate in environmental governance,improve the organization and professionalism of the public,and then improve the efficiency of environmental governance in social sectors And governance level.Based on the above research,the research conclusions of the text can be summarized as follows:First of all,in the transformation stage of China's economy from high growth rate to high quality development,based on the concept of green development,the government,enterprises and the public's participation in the environmental coordinated governance is an effective way to break the paradox of "binary opposition" between economic development and ecological protection.Under the premise that the top-level design of environmental coordinated governance has been increasingly improved,improving the level of local environmental coordinated governance has become The key to promote collaborative environmental governance.Second,although the improvement of ecological environment has achieved remarkable results in China,the connotation of economic growth in green development has not been fully reflected in local environmental governance due to the deviation between the environmental governance objectives of some local governments and the concept of green development,which directly affects the participation of market and social subjects in environmental governance It will affect the level and efficiency of environmental collaborative governance in some areas.Third,the active participation of market enterprises and the public in environmental governance can effectively improve the level of local environmental governance.However,due to the imbalance of regional development and distribution of natural resources in China,for regions in different stages of development and with different natural resources endowments,the three governance bodies of local government,market enterprises and the public can play a role in the whole system The size is not the same,so in the process of optimizing and improving the local environment collaborative governance system,we should consider the local reality and meet the local needs.Finally,the paper describes the following research directions and contents.First,it will further optimize and improve the evaluation system of environmental collaborative governance,in order to more clearly reflect the current level of environmental collaborative governance in various regions of China.Second,in the future,the research object can be further sunk to cities,even industries,which will be able to more comprehensively reflect the coordinated environmental governance of various regions.Third,strengthen the sorting of typical cases of environmental collaborative governance in China,and form replicable and transferable successful experience examples as soon as possible. |
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