| Rural development is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.Ensuring the health of rural ecosystem and promoting the coordination of rural functions are the keys to protecting rural backgrounds,improving rural life,enhancing farmers' well-being,and promoting rural revitalization.And they are also important measures to solve the imbalance and inadequate contradiction of rural development and promote the integration of urban and rural areas.In this research,taking Jiangsu Province as the study case,combining with multi temporal remote sensing image data,field survey data and yearbook statistics data,techniques and methods such as RS and GIS spatial analysis,model evaluation,geographic detection,fitting diagnosis and statistical analysis were adopted to analyze the evolution and spatial patterns of rural ecosystem in Jiangsu Province,the rural ecosystem health(REH)status and spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics at county and town scales,as well as the characteristics,coupling and coordinated development status and coupling mechanism of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function were analyzed based on the composition and theoretical framework of rural ecosystem.Finally,according to the results of field surveys,different types of rural development models were condensed,and the rural ecological space optimization strategies and ecosystem healthy development paths were proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The concept of rural ecosystem was redefined,and the structure,characteristics and functions of rural ecosystem were comprehensively analyzed from the perspective of compound ecosystem.In addition,the theoretical basis of rural ecosystem research was summarized,and the discipline system of rural ecosystem research was sorted out from the geographical category.Furthermore,the comprehensive theoretical framework of rural ecosystem research was proposed.In terms of the background of rural development in the study area,taking the historical context of rural development as the main clue,the ecological process and response characteristics of rural development in Jiangsu Province were clarified.First of all,the rural development process in Jiangsu Province was classified into five life stages according to the whole life cycle theory,and the historical context and evolution characteristics of rural development in Jiangsu Province were analyzed.Then,the development status and spatial differentiation of rural ecosystem such as rural settlements,population,resources,economy,and ecological environment in Jiangsu Province were analyzed from the perspective of agricultural resources zoning and economic zoning,and the response characteristics of rural ecosystem in Jiangsu Province were also summarized.(2)The REH assessment frameworks and models at different scales in counties and towns were constructed from the perspective of compound ecosystem.Besides,methods of classification and type identification of REH were proposed,and the REH status and spatial differentiation at different scales in Jiangsu Province were analyzed.In 2015,the REH score of 57 rural counties were in a higher range from 0.6856 to 0.8818,and the overall health status was relatively good,showing obvious gradient differentiation from north to south.Rural resource,environmental,social,and economic subsystems have better spatial distribution agglomeration,with obvious cluster characteristics.Among the 13 different health types,the healthy counties are mainly distributed in southern and central Jiangsu,while the unhealthy ones are mainly in northern Jiangsu.The regional socio-economic level has the most significant impact on the REH.In terms of town scale,from 1984 to 2017,the rural development of Wuzhong showed a historical development path from industrial-oriented to agricultural-oriented and gradually to service-oriented.The REH scores of Wuzhong towns ranged from 0.5562 to 0.8417,with an overall increase and then a decrease.Rural landscape and natural subsystems are the main reasons for the decline of REH in recent years,and the driving factors of different development types of REH were significantly consistent with the REH types,indicating that rural nature and function are gradually declining with the improvement of rural social and economic levels in the process of urbanization.(3)The evaluation index system and model,and the coupling coordination degree model of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function were constructed to analyze the function characteristics and coupling coordinated development of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function at different scales in Jiangsu Province,and the coupling and action mechanism of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Jiangsu Province were revealed.The rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Jiangsu Province was generally weak,which was in the benign coupling development stage,while the coupling coordination degree of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function was general,mainly in primary and intermediate degree,showing the spatial differentiation characteristics of “high in the south and low in the north”.The rural living function had the most significant influence on the “production-living-ecological” function.In comparison,the rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Wuzhong was gradually increasing,but the production and ecological functions were relatively weak,the coupling coordination degree of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function was relatively better and the development was more balanced.Based on this,the methods of geographical detectors,principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the main influencing factors and their fitting relationships of the coordinated development of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function at different scales in Jiangsu Province.The coupling and coordinated development theoretical framework of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function was constructed to analyze the coupling mechanism of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Jiangsu Province from the aspects of “coupling of external environment and internal factors” and “coupling of internal elements-function-system hierarchy” of rural ecosystem.Meanwhile,the system dynamics method and principle were adopted to construct the system dynamic model of the coordinated development of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function to reveal the interaction mechanism among the main factors of the coordinated development of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Jiangsu Province.(4)Different types of rural development models were combed and condensed,and the rural ecological space optimization strategies and ecosystem healthy development paths were proposed.Firstly,according to the characteristics of rural natural resources,geomorphic types,socio-economic development,and traditional history and culture,24 typical surveyed villages were selected and divided into 5 geomorphic types,whose natural geographical environment and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed.The rural development models of Jiangsu province were divided into 3 categories and 8 sub-categories based on the rural industrial structure,and the characteristics of rural development in different models were summarized.Then,focusing on the basic situation of rural residents' production and life,policy cognition,ecological civilization construction and rural development expectation,taking rural residents as the main body,the questionnaires and interviews were carried out in five typical rural areas dominated by agriculture,industry and service industry in Jiangsu Province to analyze the prominent issues in the process of rural development.Finally,the rural ecological protection and spatial optimization strategies and the healthy development paths of rural ecosystem were proposed from the perspective of functional coordination and industrial integration.Rural ecosystem health is the result of the interaction between external environment and internal elements.In the context of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the socio-economic improvement at the cost of rural natural elements will inevitably lead to rural dysfunction and landscape degradation.In this research,according to the comprehensive theoretical framework of rural ecosystem research,the REH assessment frameworks and models were innovatively constructed to analyze the characteristics of REH status and spatial-temporal evolution at different scales in counties and towns,and the coupling and action mechanism of rural ecosystem “production-living-ecological” function in Jiangsu Province were revealed.In addition,different types of rural development models were combed and condensed through field investigation,and the rural ecological space optimization strategies and ecosystem healthy development paths were proposed.This research provides feasible ideas and methods for REH assessment,and the results have important theoretical and practical significance for improving rural ecological environment and promoting rural revitalization. |
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