| The speed has been regarded as a key risk factor in road traffic injuries,not only the risk of road traffic accidents but also the severity of the damage caused by the accident.At present,there are caused some deficiencies by the widespread use of the mandatory deceleration measures,such as wear of vehicle parts,poor driving comfort,induced safety accidents and high conservation costs.This dissertation relies on the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51608084).Based on the theory of human visual illusion,the dissertation has developed a kind of visual illusion speed control marking which is suitable for road pavement.With the adjustment of its lateral width,angle and spacing parameters,it cause drivers creating a lane width and speed changes illusion.It is suggested that the driver on the road before the dangerous location to take appropriate deceleration measures to protect the safety of traffic by using drivers psychological response.Firstly,the pupil area change rate,the gaze time,the number of gaze and the gaze area as the curve of the pupil area were selected according to the characteristics of eye movement and the experimental study based on the dynamic vision of the driver.The basic principle of visual illusion,such as illusion,bending illusion,edge rate,optical flow rate and flash rate,is applied to the design of visual illusion speed control in order to achieve the problem that the driver has a compressed lane(W),the angle((?))between the marking line and the direction of the driving line,the spacing between the marking lines(L),the line width(H),and the width of the mark and color as the key parameters of the visual illusion speed control marking.Secondly,the indoor simulation experiment is used to study the influences of road marking on the vehicle speed in 60km/h design speed long-straight road,such as driver’s lateral width,driver’s visual angle on road marking,the interval of road marking,and the width and color.And then establish the regression model between the two segments.The eye movement characteristic index is introduced and the quantitative analysis is carried out by establishing the trend surface model to reflect driver’s psychological and physiological changes objectively and process and degree of the speed change scientifically and specifically.The results show that the width of marking has a significant effect on the decrease of the driving speed.The increase of the marking width causes the phenomenon that the driver’s illusion of lane narrowing becomes more obviously,and the pupil area changes increase.When the angle range of the illusion control speed line is 135-150°,the pupil area change rate increase sand reaches the peak at 150°,because of affection the illusion of Zollner.when the angle range is 30-45 °,The change rate of the pupil area is small.The decrease of the marking interval leads to the driver’s illusion that the vehicle speed becomes faster.Similarly,it has a great influence on the decrease of the running speed.The colors and width of marking have no significant influence on the driving speed.According to Speed analysis,we obtain the result that the marking width,visual angle,marking interval cause the decline in speed respectively 14.10%,13.87%and 14.96%.Through the sensitivity analysis,the influence degree of the three key parameters on the pupil area change rate was obtained,and the order was angle>width>latera width.Then,through the indoor simulation experiment for the design speed of 60km/h,the key parameters such as lateral width,angle and spacing of the curve segment as the visual control speed curve are studied,and the influence of the driver’s eye movement characteristics and driving speed is studied.With the increase of the turning radius,the change rate of the pupil area of the driver decreases,and the percentage of the fixation time of the driver’s gaze falls within the curve,but the effect of different turn is not significant.When the driver turns right,the gaze is less on the road,the vertical displacement of the gaze area is concentrated at-0.3m～0.4m on the video screen when the left turn increases,and the frequency of the pavement is increased.By analyzing the relationship between different radii and speed,it is known that the speed of the driver is different from that of the curved section of different radius,and the starting point position and the radius of the curve of the driver deceleration and acceleration are certain Logarithmic relationship,with the increase of the radius,the deceleration starting point gradually from the midpoint of the curve(QZ)to the straight point(ZH)offset,but the offset gradually decreases,and the acceleration starting point gradually from the slow point(HZ)to the midpoint of the curve(QZ).According to the coordination rate of adjacent unit running speed,the design speed and the running speed coordination evaluation,the optimal radius of the curve segment is 500 meters.Select 10%,15%and 20%as the threshold of the pupil area rate of change,and analyze the impact of different radius on the acceleration and deceleration position,to determine the latera width of the marking line of 40cm,by changing the visual impact of the left and right lateral width,So that the driver has a radius of 500 meters in the best radius of the illusion.Through the principal component analysis and the 85-bit method,the critical value of the driver’s visual load F and the threshold is calculated.Synthesizes evaluation criteria for linear coordination and adjacent units linear coordination,the spacing is 6m when the radius is 125,200,300 and 600m.When the radius of 400 and 500m,the visual illusion speed control line is arranged equidistantly and the spacing value is 4m and 6m.When the radius of 700m<R<1000m,the line spacing and straight line segment,was gradually decreasing the way the layout is better.Finally,the conclusion of indoor experiment is verified by the method of outdoor real vehicle experiment,and the speed control effect is evaluated from two aspects:vehicle speed change and eye movement characteristic.The results show that the visual illusion speed control marking has a significant effect and propriety on the decrease of the driving speed.Through the sensitivity analysis,the influence degree of the three key parameters on the pupil area change rate was obtained,and the order was angle>spacing>latera width.The results show that the visual illusion speed control marking has a significant effect and propriety on the decrease of the driving speed.It is found that the experiment results in outdoor agree with that obtained in laboratory experiment.Take the case of the 150m,350m and 700 by curve experimental verification,It is also found that the experiment results in outdoor agree with that obtained in laboratory experiment,but the driver’s visual load over indoor test.In order to reduce the driving speed,this paper analyzes the key parameters of the visual illusion speed control marking which is suitable for road pavement.It not only realizes the effective control of the driving speed,but also introduces the physiological indexes such as the visual acuity the application of the marking provides the theoretical basis and technical support. |
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