| China has entered a new era of socialism according to national characteristics.Deepening the reform of the party and the state institutions is a profound reform in advancing the modernization of the country's governance system and governance capabilities.The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of the Party and the State Institutions," adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC National Congress,made "optimization of functions,coordination,and efficiency" the focus of this institutional reform."Coordination" and "performance" have become critical issues in the current government governance field.Theoretical research should be combined with governance practices to respond.Water is the source of life,the essence of production,and the foundation of ecology.Since the reform and opening up,China has made great efforts in the development,utilization,and protection of water resources in the river basin.The water quality in major river basins,major lake banks,and functional areas has improved;the overall surface water quality in the country has remained stable;and rural drinking water problems have basically become an issue.Solving the problem of urban drinking water should be based on ensuring safety to improving quality.However,China has the basic national conditions of “large population,relatively backward development,and being in developing countries”,as well as basic water conditions with “rich water resources but low per capita occupancy and uneven water and space time”,as well as high consumption in the past.Energy and extensive development and management methods,with the deepening of industrialization and urbanization,the impact of global climate change has increased,the forms of water resources governance in China's major river basins are still severe: the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in river basins is increasingly prominent,and the spatial and temporal distribution are uneven.The problem is more acute;water pollution has formed a tendency to spread from inland water bodies to offshore areas and from surface water to groundwater.The water quality of groundwater in a river basin is heavily polluted;the utilization efficiency of water resources is low,and water ecological security is facing serious threats.The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OCED)Watershed Governance Research Project pointed out that the water crisis is essentially a governance crisis.The main problem of the water resources management in China's river basins is that the government's capacity for collaborative governance needs to be improved.In China's river basin water resources management practices,public participation is dominated by government forces,there is a problem of public participation alienation,low level of citizen participation,market forces need to be further developed,and the government is in a dominant position in China's river basin water resources governance.At present,the management system that integrates the management of watersheds and administrative regions still needs to be further improved.The contradiction between the traditional administrative regional sub-systems and the geographical integrity of the water resources of the river basin and the ecosystem is becoming increasingly prominent.It is increasingly difficult for the departments in charge of various departments to meet the water resources in the basin.With the requirements of multiple functions and spillovers of utility,it is difficult to reverse the severe situation of the water resources management in the river basin in the "Kowloon water control system." The coordination of inter-departmental governance is still to be improved;the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in the river basin is outstanding,and the synchronization of basin and regional governance needs to be strengthened.The collaborative management of water resources has become a “touchstone” for testing the governance capacity of government and modernizing governance systems.It can be seen that the core issues in the research on water resources management in river basins have been refined,and a comprehensive theoretical framework has been established on the basis of theoretical integration to describe,explain and predict them.This is currently the bottleneck of China's watershed governance theory research.The idea of this study is to put the effect of basin water resources management into the context of performance,and to combine the governance system environment to consolidate the core issues of watershed water resources management in China into two aspects: First,“What is the basin water resources governance? "Cooperative performance",that is,how effective the basin governance is;the second is "how to achieve coordinated performance of river basin water resources management",that is,what is the realization mechanism of the basin governance collaborative performance.By constructing the “cooperative-performance” chain model for river basin water resources management in China,the moderating factors,effect mechanism and implementation mechanism of the collaborative performance of the basin water resources management in China are described from a theoretical perspective;through the construction of an indicator system and case-based QCA method,based on the 2001-The relevant data of China's key watersheds in 2015 will evaluate the synergistic performance of China's river basin water resources management from the empirical level,and quantify the implementation mechanism of China's river basin water resources management collaborative performance.According to the empirical results,combined with the typology division of China's river basin water resources strategic environment,the realization path and optimization suggestions for the collaborative performance of watershed water resources management in China are given.This study believes that the coordinated performance of China's river basin water resources management refers to the government's effectiveness in coordinating the water resources of the river basin.It is the government?s internal management,optimizing the structure,improving the operation methods and processes,and promoting the cooperation and collaboration between government departments and upgrading.Harmonize and synchronize governance would improve the process of watershed management of water resources.Based on the analytical framework and logical thinking,through the systematic theoretical and empirical analysis,the following conclusions were obtained:Theoretical level: First,the analysis of the “co-performing” chain of China's river basin water resources management shows that target embedding,organizational support,mechanism coordination,and monitoring cooperated are the influencing factors of China's basin water resources management collaborative performance.The essence of the "cooperative-performance" chain of watershed water resources management in China is to put the effects of basin management under the context of performance,and to use collaborative governance as the core content to explore how to achieve effective watershed management.Drawing on the core concept of Porter's value chain,the government's collaborative management behavior analogous to the supply,production,shipping,sales,and other corporate business activities,the coordinated performance of the river basin water resources governance is the "value" generated from government governance process,the environmental thrust,the collaborative management of endogenous pressure and external pull force.The “cooperative-performance” chain of water resources management in the river basin continues to “value-add”.The target embedding is the “Baton” of the coordinated management of water resources in river basins,and leads the “Censer” of governance subjects to make “string music” and “instrumental music” coordinated well.Target embedding is similar to the “longitudinal embedded governance” behavior.Central or provincial governments are not the “masters” of river basin water resources governance,nor are they “spectators” that combine watersheds and administrative regions,but they promote coordination among departments or local governments.The “activators” of cooperation relied on hierarchical authority to integrate value fragments through laws and regulations,strategic planning,regulations,etc.The formulation of policies and regulations was also the result of coordinated collaboration among departments;organizational support was the “snapper” of water resources management activities in the river basin.The realization of coordinated governance "relay" interlocking.Organizational support is the implementation carrier for target embedding.Through the “cross-sector and cross-regional” organizations such as river basin management agencies,central policy groups,and special task teams,the “skeleton” of coordinated management of water resources in river basins is built,and river basins and administrative regional management are bridged.The combined bridges and mechanism coordination are the “catalysts” for basin water resources collaborative performance.Through negotiation and decision-making,information communication,mechanism coordination of functional coordination,procedural arrangements,or technical means,it accelerates target embedding and supports and supports these “reactants”."Chemical reaction",so as to better produce this kind of "product" of coordinated water resources management.Monitoring cooperatively is the “metronome” of river basin water resources management rhythm.By designing incentives for “stepping on the file” and “stepping on the gas pedal”,the regulatory system for “downshifting” and “stabbing on brakes” has been formulated to help water resources management in river basins.The front section of the governance chain provides guarantees to ensure that watershed water resources management can be implemented and effective.Second,the “collaborative-performance” chain of river basin water resources management reveals the realization mechanism of China?s basin water resources management collaborative performance.The coordination of governance between departments and the synchronicity of watersheds and regions,based on the theoretical models of Thomson & Perry(2006),Bryson(2006),and Ansell(2008),combined with the institutional background of watershed governance in China The three dimensions of value consensus,communication and negotiation,and incentive constraints define the effect mechanism of the “cooperative-performance” chain in China's river basin water resources management: target embedding affects the coordinated performance of watershed management in river basins through the use of value consensus,and organizational support and organizational mechanism coordination.By optimizing the communication and negotiation between departments,the coordination of governance will be promoted to affect the collaborative performance of governance;the market-based mechanism will coordinate the use of benefit incentives,and the monitoring of cooperation through the restraint and control effects will ensure the synchronization of governance,thereby affecting the collaborative performance of watershed management in river basins.The empirical level: First,according to the concept of ecological civilization and the concept of green development,we construct a collaborative performance evaluation index system for river basin water resources management in China.Based on the evaluation of relevant water resources data in key river basins in China from 2001 to 2015,it is shown that the time for the introduction of special laws,regulations,and important policy documents coincides with the turning point of the collaborative performance of water resources management in the river basin to a certain extent.The higher governance performance is often accompanied with better organizational support,mechanism coordination,monitoring cooperatively.Regional water resources management in China has a distinct regional disparity in performance,and the coordinated water resources management performance of the eight major river basins can be roughly divided into three levels: the better Pearl River Basin,the Yangtze River Basin,and the Taihu Lake.Rivers and other southern river systems;the middle Yellow River basin,the Huaihe River basin,the Liaohe River basin,and the Songhua River basin,and other northern water systems;and the Haihe River basin,which is densely populated in the Jing-Jin-Ji area,needs to be accelerated.Second,the fuzzy set analysis of the necessary conditions of fsQCA shows that target embedding,organizational support,mechanism coordination,and monitoring cooperatively can all improve the collaborative performance of watershed management in the river basin;among them,the target embedding and mechanism coordination influence is stronger than other factors,and organizational support.The influence is weaker than other factors.According to the fsQCA conditional configuration analysis,based on the functional positioning of the influencing factors,four effective condition combinations are obtained: Combination 1,central target embedding effectiveness and organizational mechanisms coordinate and work together to exert efficiency,monitor cooperation and force and organizational support capacity are higher;The effectiveness of local target embedding and the coordination of organizational mechanisms play a role in the lack of organizational support capabilities,monitor and co-exist and exist;Combination 3,target embedding effectiveness and mechanisms coordinated and coordinated,organizational support and monitoring cooperation are missing;combination 4,organizational support exists,lack of monitoring cooperation.Based on the above theoretical and empirical analysis,according to the typological division of the governance strategic environment,there are four paths to achieve the coordinated performance of China's river basin water resources governance:(1)Four measures for parallel collaborative governance,target embedding,organizational support,mechanism coordination,and monitoring Cooperation simultaneous;(2)"coordination-incentive" collaborative governance approach,emphasizing the role of target embedding,organizational support and mechanism coordination;(3)mechanism-regulated collaborative governance path,with strong target embedding effectiveness and higher Mechanism coordination and coordination;(4)"Coordination-restraint" collaborative governance approach,which should highlight local autonomy and strengthen monitoring cooperatively.In summary,the path selection and optimization proposals for collaborative management of water resources in river basins in China should be differentiated:(1)Large and medium-sized river basins in a strategic environment where the water resources of the river basin are relatively high and the river basin management organization has strong control.,We can choose four kinds of measures for collaborative treatment,and optimize them through the establishment of a river basin "river length" cooperative governance committee.(2)Watersheds with higher levels of regional integration have lower water resources across the basin.In a strategic environment with strong control over river basin management agencies,a “collaboration-incentive” collaborative governance approach can be selected and optimized through the promotion of market-based governance of the river basin.(3)Small and medium-sized river basins that mainly flow through a provincial administrative unit.In a strategic environment where the river basin water resources have low inter-regional water resources and the river basin management organization has low control power,a mechanism-adjusted collaborative governance path can be selected and optimized through the establishment of a provincial-city-level three-tier information platform.(4)Watersheds in the western region are often located in a strategic environment where water resources in the river basin are relatively high and watershed management organizations have low control power.The "coordination-constraint" collaborative governance path can be selected and optimized through enhanced monitoring cooperatively.The possible innovations or contributions of this study are: First,research on the topic level and try to concise the core issues.This study starts from the perspective of government governance,consolidates the main issues of watershed management in river basins into the collaborative management of water resources in river basins,and starts from the performance and implementation mechanisms to try to evaluate the synergistic performance of basin water resources management in China,and to assess the watershed in China.The quantificational analysis of the resource governance collaborative performance realization mechanism,and on this basis,put forward the realization path and optimization suggestions for the collaborative performance of China's river basin water resources governance,which has certain innovation significance.Second,the theoretical research level tried to construct the formal theory.This study used the value chain of business management to construct an analytical framework for the "cooperative-performance" chain of China's river basin water resources management,discussed the influencing factors and implementation mechanisms,and focused on four aspects: target embedding,organizational support,mechanism coordination,and monitoring cooperatively.Putting forward eight hypotheses and trying to verify them have certain theoretical contributions.The third is to study methodological aspects.At present,there are many literatures on theoretical studies in the area of basin water resources management,and there are few empirical studies.Some possible innovations in the empirical methods of this study are as follows: First,the design evaluation index system,combined with the concepts of ecological civilization construction and green development,and the use of water footprint,degree of synergy,etc.,to construct a dynamic evaluation model for collaborative performance of river basin water resources management;Qualitative comparative analysis method(QCA)analyzes government governance issues.QCA is a new perspective to analyze problems from the configuration,and is a qualitative and quantitative crossover method that has developed and applied rapidly in the past decade.At present,domestic research fields such as international politics and enterprise management begin to introduce this method.This study attempts to use the QCA method to analyze the collaborative performance of China's river basin water resources management and has achieved certain achievement. |
PDF Full Text Request